4.3 Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum

1. 4.3 Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum • The visible spectrum is a tiny portion of a much larger spectrum of radiation called the electromagnetic spectrum. • Electromagnetic radiation is transmission of energy from the longest radio waves to the shortest gamma waves. See pages 152 - 154 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

2. Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

3. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

4. Wavelengths Longer than Visible Light Radio Waves • Radio waves have the longest wavelength and lowest energy and frequency compared to all other types of electromagnetic radiation. • MRItechnology uses radio waves to see inside our body. MRI scan of the brain See pages 154 - 155 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

6. Wavelengths Longer than Visible Light Microwaves • Microwaves have the shortest wavelength and highest frequency of all the radio waves. • Microwaves are used in: cooking food, and telecommunications. • Radar uses short wavelength microwaves. • Radar is used in: tracking the motion of objects, weather forecasting, and taking images of the Earth’s surface. A radar image of the Earth’s surface See pages 155 - 156 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

7. A microwave communication tower in Munich, Germany

8. Wavelengths Longer than Visible Light Infrared Waves • Electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength longer than red light but shorter than that of radio waves. • Infrared radiation is also referred to as heat. • Infrared waves are used in: remote controls, infrared cameras, and CD-ROM readers. Infrared cameras record differences in temperature. See page 157 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

9. Used with night goggles and in airports to see if passengers • have a fever!

10. Warm objects emit more infrared radiation • than cooler objects

11. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

12. Wavelengths Shorter than Visible Light Wavelengths shorter than visible light have more energy than visible light. Ultraviolet Waves • Ultraviolet waves (UV) are just beyond the visible region of the spectrum. • This radiation possesses much more energy than visible light. • UV waves striking your skin allows your body to make Vitamin D. • Overexposure to UV can cause sunburns and possible skin cancer. Wearing sunglasses and sunscreen help protect you against harmful UV radiation. See pages 158 - 159 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

13. When UV light hits your skin, it allows you to make vitamin D (important for healthy bones • and teeth) • Too much UV exposure can cause damage

14. Skin Cancer

16. Wavelengths Shorter than Visible Light X rays • X rays have a much shorter wavelength and higher energy and frequency than ultraviolet waves. • X rays are commonly used to photograph teeth and bones. • X rays are also used to detect small cracks in metals and also to photograph the inside of machines. See pages 159 - 160 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

18. Wavelengths Shorter than Visible Light Gamma Rays • Gamma rays are the shortest wavelength and highest energy and frequency of the electromagnetic spectrum. • Gamma rays result from nuclear reactions. • Gamma rays can be used in radiation therapy to kill cancer cells. Gamma rays can be used to kill cancer cells. See page 160 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

19. Used in specific burst to kill cancer cells.

20. Gamma Ray Bursts release in seconds the same amount of energy our Sun will emit over its expected 10 billion-year lifetime. The staggering energy of a long-duration GRB (lasting more than a few seconds) comes from the core of a massive star collapsing to form a black hole or neutron star. Take the Section 4.3 Quiz