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Biotic Ligand (BL - )

H +. Na +. Biotic Ligand (BL - ). organic complexes. Ca +2. DOM. Mg +2. transport site. Me +2. inorganic complexes L= OH - , HCO 3 - , CO 3 -2 , SO 4 -2 , Cl - , HS -. cation-L. PHYSIOLOGY. CHEMISTRY. Lethal Accumulation (LA50). TOXICOLOGY. Prediction of site specific

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Biotic Ligand (BL - )

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  1. H+ Na+ Biotic Ligand (BL-) organic complexes Ca+2 DOM Mg+2 transport site Me+2 inorganic complexes L= OH-, HCO3-, CO3-2, SO4-2, Cl-, HS- cation-L PHYSIOLOGY CHEMISTRY Lethal Accumulation (LA50) TOXICOLOGY Prediction of site specific LC50 values Regulatory Needs Figure 1: Illustration of the three components of biotic ligand models. See text for discussion. After Paquin et al. (2002).

  2. Figure 2. The fraction of total dissolved Cu as Cu-organic complexes and the loading of the biotic ligand by Cu (BL-Cu) as a function of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the absence and presence of dissolved Al and Fe in the Capulin leach of waste rock at the Questa mine site.

  3. x x x x x x x x x Figure 3. Nine sampling sites in the Coeur d’Alene River basin between Mullan and Cataldo in northern Idaho. Six sites are in the South Fork and main stem of the Coeur d’Alene River and three sites are in tributaries (Canyon Creek, Ninemile Creek, and Pine Creek).

  4. x x x Figure 4. Sampling locations at the Elizabeth Copper Mine Superfund Site in Vermont. One site was upstream of mine impacts, another was in acidic, metal-enriched Copperas Brook, and 4 sites were in the mixing and reaction zone downstream of the river’s confluence with Copperas Brook.

  5. Reference Reference Figure 5. Results of surface water toxicity tests at the Elizabeth Copper Mine Superfund site in Vermont (Hathaway et al., 2001).

  6. Figure 6. Values of pH and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and hardness (left panel) and chemical speciation and concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn (right panel) at sites in the Coeur d’Alene River basin.

  7. Figure 7. Values of pH and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and hardness (left panel) and chemical speciation and concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn (right panel) as a function of distance from the confluence of Copperas Brook and the Ompompanoosuc River at the Elizabeth Copper Mine Superfund site.

  8. Figure 8. The loading of Cd, Cu, or Zn on the biotic ligand and LA 50 values for water fleas (C. dubia or D. magna) and rainbow trout (O. mykiss) (left panel) and toxicity units (TU) (right panel) at sites within the Coeur d’Alene River basin. Toxicity units are defined as the observed metal concentration/Water Quality Criteria (WQC), where WQC are defined as LC50 for water fleas and rainbow trout from the BLM, Criterion Maximum Concentrations (CMC) predicted from the BLM, or hardness-based CMC.

  9. Figure 9. The loading of Cd, Cu, or Zn on the biotic ligand and LA 50 values for water fleas (C. dubia or D. magna) and fathead minnow (P. promelas) (left panel) and toxicity units (TU) (right panel) at the Elizabeth Copper Mine Superfund site. Toxicity units are defined as the observed metal concentration/Water Quality Criteria (WQC), where WQC are defined as LC50 for water fleas and fathead minnow from the BLM, Criterion Maximum Concentrations (CMC) predicted from the BLM, or hardness-based CMC.

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