实用文的翻译

1. 实用文的翻译 Translation of practical writings By陈烽

2. 广告文体翻译 • 旅游介绍翻译 • 商务信函翻译 • 科技文体翻译 • 法律文体翻译 • 论述文体翻译 • 小说文体翻译 • 散文文体翻译 • 诗歌文体翻译

3. 广告文体翻译 • 跨文化因素 • 不同的人文环境 • 不同的地域环境 • 熟悉目的语文化和审美心理 • 适当的文化转换以更好转达原文信息

7. 熟悉目的语文化和审美心理 芳芳 白象 金鸡牌 白翎 Fangfang White Elephant Golden Cock White Feather

8. 适当的文化转换 玉兔 藕粉 轻身减肥片 Jade Rabbit Lotus Root Starch Obesity—Reducing Tablets Moon Rabbit Lotus Root Powder Slimming Pills

9. “美人”鲜花，倾诉衷肠（花店广告） • Flowers by BEAUTY speak from the heart. • 穿上“双星”鞋，潇洒走世界（鞋业广告） • Double Star takes you afar. • “成功之路，从‘头’开始。”（飘柔） • Start ahead.

10. 旅游介绍翻译 • 景点名称的翻译 • 旅游资料的翻译

15. 景点名称组成 • 专名 • 景点地名的实体部分 • 通名 • 景点类别 • 自然：山，岩，峰，江，石 • 人文：宫，亭，楼，台，塔

16. 音译为主，适当意译，照顾通译 • 老虎滩 • Lao Hu Tan • Tiger Beach • 星海湾 • Xing Hai Bay • Star Sea Bay • 中和殿 • Zhong He Dian • Hall of Central Harmony

17. 翻译注意事项 • 切忌望文生义 • 查对有关资料 • 考证历史史实

21. 稻香村 • Paddy Sweet Village • Cottage • 杜甫草堂 • Du Fu’s Straw Cottage • Thatched • 寒山寺 • Bleak Mountain Temple • Cold • 三老石室 • Three Old Men Stone Chamber • Three Venerables

22. 虎跑泉 • Tiger Running Spring • Tiger-Dug Spring • 拙政园 • Garden of Humble Administration • Garden of a Hermit

23. 旅游资料的翻译 • 释义法 • 增补法 • 类比法

24. 释义法 • 端午节，人们都吃粽子。 • During the Dragon Boat Festival (which falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month), it is a common practice to eat Zongzi, which is a rice pudding wrapped up with weed leave.

25. 增补法 • 孔子（公元前551－前479）是春秋时期鲁国人，名丘，字仲尼。 • Confucius, who lived from 551 B.C. to 479 B.C., was born in the Kingdom of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period in Chinese history (722-481 B.C.). His given name was Qiu and courtesy name Zhongni.

26. 类比法 • 故宫耗时14年，整个工程于1420年结束。 • The construction of the Forbidden City took 14 years, and was finished in 1420, 72 years before Christopher Columbus discovered the New World/14 years before Shakespeare was born.

27. 商务信函翻译 • 专业性 • 实用性 • 规范性 • 行文简洁 • 语气庄重 • 套话

28. 提请卖方注意：我方定单拖欠至今尚未履行。 • We brought to the knowledge of the Seller that our order had been outstanding for considerable time. • 如能速报你方产品最低价，我方将不胜感激。 • We shall be obliged if you will quote us your rock-bottom prices for your products at your earliest convenience. • 随函附寄我方价目单一式两份，烦请查收。 • Enclosed please find two copies of our price list.

29. 科技文体翻译 • 专业性、客观性 规范性、准确性 • 用词准确 • 表达客观 • 条理清楚 • 内容确切

30. 我们经过研究并且设计了一套小型自行复叠制冷实验装置。经实验，得出了该循环方式不受制冷剂配比影响的结论。使该技术可以方便地在大中型系统例如金枪鱼速冻与冷藏系统中推广使用。我们经过研究并且设计了一套小型自行复叠制冷实验装置。经实验，得出了该循环方式不受制冷剂配比影响的结论。使该技术可以方便地在大中型系统例如金枪鱼速冻与冷藏系统中推广使用。 • In this application study, a small auto-cascade refrigeration system is designed and proved not to be interfered by the variable ingredient proportion of the refrigerants. Thus it can be applied to large refrigeration systems such as tuna refrigeration systems.

31. 法律文体翻译 • 严格规定某一方应当承担的义务和应当享受的权利，并严格申明不承担义务时应当受到的处罚 • 选词谨慎、组句审慎 行文严密、逻辑缜密

32. 改进和改良的技术，所有权属改进、改良一方，对方不得去申请专利或转让给第三方。改进和改良的技术，所有权属改进、改良一方，对方不得去申请专利或转让给第三方。 • The ownership for modification and improvement of the Contract Product shall belong to the Party having developed the aforesaid modification and improvement. The other Party shall not apply, for its own profit, for patent right or transfer the information of modification and improvement to third parties.

33. 技术文献指的是乙方具有的技术文件、图纸、照片、磁带等。乙方在合同有效期内，在自己产品的研制过程中，在合同产品的设计、计算、质量控制、安装、维护、测试过程中，开发和使用了这些文献。技术文献指的是乙方具有的技术文件、图纸、照片、磁带等。乙方在合同有效期内，在自己产品的研制过程中，在合同产品的设计、计算、质量控制、安装、维护、测试过程中，开发和使用了这些文献。 • Technical Documentation refers to the technical literatures, drawings, pictures, tapes, etc., that Party B have applied or developed for its own production as well as for designing, calculating, manufacturing, quality control, assembling installations, maintaining and testing of the Contract Products during the validity term of the contract.

34. 论述文体翻译 • 用词规范 • 结构复杂 • 句型变化样式较多 • 谋篇布局注重修辞 • 透彻理解原文 准确把握词义 慎重选择句式

35. 我们必须敏锐地把握这个客观趋势，始终注意把发挥我国社会主义制度的优越性，同掌握、运用和发展先进的科学技术紧密地结合起来，大力推动科技进步和创新，不断用先进科技改造和提高国民经济，努力实现我国生产力发展的跨越。我们必须敏锐地把握这个客观趋势，始终注意把发挥我国社会主义制度的优越性，同掌握、运用和发展先进的科学技术紧密地结合起来，大力推动科技进步和创新，不断用先进科技改造和提高国民经济，努力实现我国生产力发展的跨越。 • We must quickly and accurately come to grip with this objective trend and give play to the superiority of China’s socialist system and combine it with the mastering, application and development of advanced science and technology so as to make progress in science and technology and innovation, use advanced science and technology to transform and upgrade the national economy and achieve a great leap forward in the development of our productive forces.

36. 要根据我国经济发展状况，充分考虑世界科学技术加快发展和国际经济结构加速重组的趋势，着眼于全面提高国民经济整体素质和效益，增强综合国力和国际竞争力，对经济结构进行战略性调整。要根据我国经济发展状况，充分考虑世界科学技术加快发展和国际经济结构加速重组的趋势，着眼于全面提高国民经济整体素质和效益，增强综合国力和国际竞争力，对经济结构进行战略性调整。 • In line with our economic development and taking into full account the trend of accelerated progress in science and technology in the world and the speedy regrouping of the international economic structure, we should make strategic readjustments in the economic structure aimed at improving the quality and performance of the entire national economy in an all-round way and at boosting the overall national strength of international competitiveness.

37. 小说文体翻译 • 独特的叙事手法 特定的审美效果 人物性格刻画 故事情节叙述 场景细节描写 • 传神：传达独特语言形式蕴涵的深层审美意义

38. 贾母笑，“我才好了，你倒来招我。你妹妹远路才来，身子又弱，也才劝住了。快再休提前话。” 这熙凤听了，忙转悲为喜道， “正是呢！我一见了妹妹，一心都在她身上了，又是喜欢，又是伤心，竟忘记了老祖宗。该打！该打！” • “I’ve only just dried my tears. Do you want to start me off again” said the old lady playfully. “Your young cousin’s had a long journey and she’s delicate. We’ve just got her to stop crying. So don’t reopen that subject.”His-feng switched at once from grief to merriment. “Of course,” she said, “I was so carried away by joy and sorrow at sight of my little cousin, I forgot our Old Ancestress. I deserve to be caned.” • “I’ve only just recovered,” laughed Grandmother Jia. “Don’t you go trying to start me off again! Besides, your little cousin is not very strong, and we’ve only just man-aged to get her cheered up. So let’s have no more of this!”In obedience to the command Xi-feng at once exchanged her grief for merriment.“Yes, of course. It was just that seeing my little cousin here put everything else out of my mind. It made me want to laugh and cry all at the same time. I’ m afraid I quite forgot about you, Grannie dear. I deserve to be spanked, don’t I?”

39. 林黛玉听了这话，如轰雷掣电，细细思之，竟比自己肺腑中掏出来的还觉恳切，竟有万句言语，满心要说，只是半个字也不能吐，却怔怔的望着他。林黛玉听了这话，如轰雷掣电，细细思之，竟比自己肺腑中掏出来的还觉恳切，竟有万句言语，满心要说，只是半个字也不能吐，却怔怔的望着他。 • These words struck Daiyu like a thunderbolt. As she turned them over in her mind, they seemed closer to her innermost thoughts than if wrung from her own heart. There were a thousand things she longed to say, yet she could not utter a word. She just stared at him in silence.（杨宪益、戴乃迭 译） • Dai-yu was thunderstruck. He had read her mind---had seen inside her more clearly than if she had plucked out her entrails and held them out for his inspection. And now there were a thousand things that she wanted to tell him; yet though she was dying to speak, she was unable toutter a single syllable and stood there like a simpleton, gazing at him in silence.（David Hawkes译）

40. 说了不多几句话，宝玉也来了，进门见了王夫人，不过规规矩矩说了几句，便命人除去抹额，脱了袍服，拉了靴子，便一头滚在王夫人怀里。王夫人便用手满身满脸摩挲抚弄他，宝玉也搬着王夫人的脖子说长道短的。说了不多几句话，宝玉也来了，进门见了王夫人，不过规规矩矩说了几句，便命人除去抹额，脱了袍服，拉了靴子，便一头滚在王夫人怀里。王夫人便用手满身满脸摩挲抚弄他，宝玉也搬着王夫人的脖子说长道短的。 • Before long Baoyu, too, arrived. Having greeted his mother and made some polite conversation, he told the maids to help him off with his chaplet, gown and boots, then nestled up to his mother as she stroked and caressed him he put his arms round her neck and chattered.（杨宪益、戴乃迭 译） • In a little while Bao-yu, too, arrived, and after a few respectful words to his mother, asked the servants to take off his headband and gown for him and help him off with his boots. Disencumbered, he flung himself into his mother’s bosom to be fondled and petted by her, then, worming his way up and nuzzling affectionately against her neck, he proceeded to add his own amusing commentary on the day’s events.（David Hawkes译）

41. 散文文体翻译 • “散而不乱”： • “形散”，语言的多样性 • “神不乱”，吸引读者于色彩纷呈的语言中追寻作者审美的轨迹 • 以多样化的语言之“形”传达散于语言之中的“神”

42. 在逃去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢？只有徘徊罢了，只有匆匆罢了；在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什么呢？过去的日子如轻烟却被微风吹散了，如薄雾，被初阳蒸融了；我留着些什么痕迹呢？我何曾留着象游丝样的痕迹呢？我赤裸裸来到这世界，转眼间也将赤裸裸地回去罢？但不能平的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊？

43. What can I do, in this bustling world, with my days flying in their escape? Nothing but to hesitate, to rush. What have I been doing in that eight-thousand-day rush, apart from hesitating? Those bygone days have been dispersed as smoke by a light wind, or evaporated as mist by the morning sun. What traces have I left behind me? Have I ever left behind any gossamer traces at all? I have come to the world, stark naked; am I to go back, in a blink, in the same stark nakedness? It is not fair though: why should I have made such a trip for nothing!

44. 层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀着些白花，有袅娜地开着的，有羞涩地打着朵儿的；正如一粒粒的明珠，又如碧天里的星星，又如刚出浴的美人。微风过处，送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的。这时候叶子与花也有一丝的颤动，像闪电般，霎时传过荷塘的那边去了。叶子本是肩并肩密密地挨着，这便宛然有了一道凝碧的波痕。叶子底下是脉脉的流水，遮住了，不能见一些颜色；而叶子却更见风致了。层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀着些白花，有袅娜地开着的，有羞涩地打着朵儿的；正如一粒粒的明珠，又如碧天里的星星，又如刚出浴的美人。微风过处，送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的。这时候叶子与花也有一丝的颤动，像闪电般，霎时传过荷塘的那边去了。叶子本是肩并肩密密地挨着，这便宛然有了一道凝碧的波痕。叶子底下是脉脉的流水，遮住了，不能见一些颜色；而叶子却更见风致了。

45. The leaves were dotted in between the layers with white flowers, some blooming gracefully; others, as if bashfully, still in bud. They were like bright pearls and stars in an azure sky. Their subtle fragrance was wafted by the passing breeze, in whiffs airy as the notes of a song coming faintly from some distant tower. There was a tremor on leaf and flower, which, with the suddenness of lightning, soon drifted to the far end of the pond. The leaves, jostling and overlapping, produced, as it were, a wave of deep green. Under the leaves, softly hidden from view, water was rippling even its color was not discernible so that the leaves looked more enchanting.（王椒升 译）

46. Here and there, layers of leaves are dotted with white lotus blossoms, some in demure bloom, others in shy bud, like scattering pearls, or twinkling stars, or beauties just out of the bath. A breeze stirs, sending over breaths of fragrance, like faint singing drifting from a distant building. At this moment, a tiny thrill shoots through the leaves and flowers, like a streak of lightning, straight across the forest of lotuses. The leaves, which have been standing shoulder to shoulder, are caught trembling in an emerald heave of the pond. Underneath, the exquisite water is covered from view, and none can tell its color; yet the leaves on top project themselves all the more attractively.（朱纯深 译）

47. 诗歌文体翻译 • 丰富的音韵美与节奏美 • 注重节奏、格律、押韵等方面的音乐性 • 两种翻译观： • 尽力再现或表现音韵美 • 传达原诗的意境而不必过分囿于原诗的韵律

48. 春怨金昌绪 打起黄莺儿， 莫教枝上啼。 啼时惊妾梦， 不得到辽西。

49. Oh, drive the golden orioles From off our garden tree! Their warbling broke the dream wherein My lover smiled at me

50. Drive the orioles away, All their music from the trees When she dreamed that she went to Liao-hsi To join him there, they wakened her