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Chapter 14 Pictures. Today – Announcements . 19 th Century Blending Theory. Gregor Mendel. Blending Theory vs. Particulate Theory. Fig 14.4. Chromosome 1. Chromosome 1. Table 14.1: Traits found in Mendel’s Peas. Figure 14.2 Mendel’s crosses. Fig 14.6: Genotype vs. Phenotype.
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Today – • Announcements • .
Blending Theory vs. Particulate Theory Fig 14.4 Chromosome 1 Chromosome 1
Hybrids/Heterozygous (Ss) True breeding True breeding Hybrids
Phenotypes Behavioral Differences Physical Differences Molecular Differences
Fig14.3 Parental Cross Outcome = All F1 have Purple flowers
p p P P Genotypes, Phenotypes, Gametes, and Punnett Squares P Generation: X Where P = Purple allele For flower color Where p = white allele For flower color pp PP Possible gametes: Pollen Pollen Egg Egg
p p p p p P P P P P p P (Parentals) F 1 generation Genotype= All Pp (Heterozygous or hybrid) Phenotype = All Purple flowers
Fig14.3 First Filial Generation allowed to Self-pollinate Outcome = F2 have phenotypic ratio of 3 purple: 1 white
p p p p p P P P P P p P F1 F1 F2 generation Genotype= 1 PP:2 Pp:1 pp Phenotype = 3 purple: 1 white
TEST CROSS Y= Yellow seed y = green seed yy YY or Yy Phenotype = Dominant Genotype = Unknown
y y ? y Y F1 generation Phenotypic Ratio = 1 yellow: 1 green Genotype of Test Plant = Yy (heterozygote) TEST CROSS
Alleles for two genes on different chromosomes: seed color and seed shape (1) Seed Color Yellow (Y) Green (y) (2) Seed Shape (r) (R)
Fig 14.8 Dihybrid Cross Gametes YR YR YR YR Gametes yr yr yr yr X yr All YyRr In the F1 generation YyRr YR
Fig 14.8 Dihybrid Cross YyRr x YyRr (F1 self-pollination) 9:3:3:1 Phenotype (not genotype)
Multiplication Rule YyRr x YyRr R r y Y R RR Rr YY Y Yy Rr rr yy r y Yy
M and N Glycoproteins on RBC MM NN MN M M N N M N M M N N M N M M N N N M
IA is dominant to i IB is dominant to i IA and IB are codominant
= aabb = Aabb; aaBb = AAbb; aaBB; AaBb = AABb; AaBB =AABB