Business Architecture and Business-Driven Development

1. Knowledge-Based System Course TUE Business Architecture and Business-Driven Development Leo Hermans (l.hermans@everest.nl) Principal All-Round IT-Business Architect

2. Outline • Everest BV (www.everest.nl) • Business Process Management (BPM) • BPM in Practice • Business-Driven Solution Development • Top-Down or Bottom-Up? • Examples of Business Models & Functional Design • Everest BPM Framework • Examples of Business Content • The Trinity of Architectural Styles Knowledge-Based System Course TUE

3. Everest BV • Autonomous operation unit of Getronics • Founded in 1996, 115 employees now • Currently growing with 3-5 per month • Analysts (Business Engineer) : Software Engineer = 3 : 1 • Long standing (some key players since 1985) background in knowledge engineering • Everest delivers innovativebusiness solutions • Support of front- and mid office processes with a high degree of automation in the context of business innovation • Optimization of communication and service with client’s customers or partners • Optimization of business efficiency and agility • Chaordic flat organization • Informal culture • Strong delegation of responsibility • Wisdom of the crowds • Typical employee • Loving uncertainty and challenge, hating formalities • Analytical, goal oriented, ambitious and passionate • Team worker, no ego tripper and politician • High IQ combined with high EQ and good sense for humor Knowledge-Based System Course TUE

4. Business Process Management = Business-Driven Solution Development • Trend fracture in development of business solutions • Business has to become more and more agile • You must focus your IT on rapid results • IT processes become a subset of business processes • You can't code your way into the future. • Now the real IT legacy, people and process, has to be changed radically • Extinction of software development and integration • Increasingly, code is replaced by content (metadata, rules) • Moving process definition out of code, and even out of applications, results in more-fluid, malleable software • Handoffs between people and systems must be explicit Knowledge-Based System Course TUE

5. Prepare for a culture shift that is driven by constant re-evaluation of the process New roles emerge around process facilitation, implementation and execution The business process analyst deals with the more-tactical aspects of discovering, validating, documenting and communicating business process-related knowledge through modeling, simulating and analyzing both current and future states IT professionals can be the biggest obstacles to success Contemporary manifestation of the time-honored knowledge engineering and knowledge-based system paradigms CommonKADS methodology for a knowledge level model of the business processes and tasks Structure preserving implementation with a knowledge shell Generic inference engine retrieves and applies knowledge stored in a knowledge base (separation of procedure and decisions) Business Process Management= Business-Driven Solution Development www.gartner.com Knowledge-Based System Course TUE

6. Enterprise Architecture & Global Business Model & Global Functional Specification Business-Driven Solution Development Simulate & test Single point of specification Use Generic Business Engines Business Engineering Studio Specify, verify & validate Business Content Business Workers Machine readable publication Business Content Repository Business Engineers & Business Experts The model is the solution Use & test (Offshore) developer readable publication Software engineering (MDA) Software Factory Specific Executables • Process: steps, actions, actors, services • Business Rules: rules, decision tables, decision trees, fuzzy matching rules • Interaction: flows, services, pages, actors • Domain model: entities, relations, attributes with many business characteristics • Simple content • Specialization of several types of KB elements (not only entities) Programmer Knowledge-Based System Course TUE

7. Example of a business engineering studio Knowledge-Based System Course TUE

8. Business-Driven Solution DevelopmentBalancing Top-down and Bottom-up By analogy with the Living Process Approach in traditional architecture described by Christopher Alexander in “The Nature of Order” Operational Improvement Limited Uncertainty = High Predictability Limited Operational Human Influence Hitting a Stationary Target MDA = Model-Driven Architecture Agile Business-Driven Architecture = Business-Driven Solution Development ADM = Application- Driven Modeling Operational Innovation Extensive Uncertainty = Low Predictability Extensive Operational Human Influence Hitting a Moving Target Knowledge-Based System Course TUE

9. Enterprise Architecture & Global Business Model & Global Functional Specification Programmer Business-Driven Solution Development Balancing top-down design and bottom-up experience UML/2.0 Modeling Tool Architects & Business Engineers Verify, validate & add traceability links UMLRepository Fully integrated model providing traceability Business Engineers & Business Experts Simulate Generic Business Engines Vertical Framework (XMI) Specify, verify & validate Business Content Repository Business Engineering Studio Exceptional behavior Coding Programming Environment Knowledge-Based System Course TUE

10. Enterprise Architecture & Global Business Model & Global Functional Specification Programmer Business-Driven Solution Development in PracticeBalancing top-down design and bottom-up experience UML/2.0 Modeling Tool Architects & Business Engineers Verify, validate & add traceability links UMLRepository Fully integrated model providing traceability Business Engineers & Business Experts Simulate (XMI) Online integration Specify, verify & validate Business Content Coding Exceptional behavior Knowledge-Based System Course TUE

11. Example Process Architecture Knowledge-Based System Course TUE

12. Example Process Models Business Process Work Process ProcessStep Knowledge-Based System Course TUE

13. Example Functional DesignBusiness Activities within a Process Step Link to a user dialog visualization in a specific manifestation Link to a user dialog visualization in a specific manifestation User dialog User event System service Knowledge-Based System Course TUE

14. Example Domain Model View on Business Content Knowledge-Based System Course TUE

15. PRESENTATION & DEVICE CONNECTIVITY Enterprise Service Bus IBMMQS BEAWLI MSBIZZTALK BIE DB email doc Everest BPM Framework PROCESS DIALOGINTERACTION PROCESSSTEP SERVICEINTERACTION BUSINESSTASK DOMAIN CONTENT Business Engines Knowledge-Based System Course TUE

16. View on Business Content Example Procesmodel/design and BPM component Behandel aanvraag Knowledge-Based System Course TUE

17. Example Business ActivityOrchestration View on Business Content Knowledge-Based System Course TUE

18. Example Page Composition View on Business Content Knowledge-Based System Course TUE

19. Example Business Logic Overview View on Business Content Knowledge-Based System Course TUE

20. BPM implies a Business Rule Architectural Style (BRA) BRA needs to be balanced with the Event-Driven (EDA) and Service Oriented (SOA) Architecture Styles for truly adaptive and intelligent business solutions BRA: Agile Business-Driven application assembly with, and differentiation of, services SOA: Black-box encapsulation of reusable business logic and data EDA Complete decoupling between processes and between services -> Independent units (agents) Enabling Business Activity Monitoring Intelligent agents for complex event processing Effective & Adaptive Business Systems The Power of Self-Organization BRA SOA EDA The Trinity of Architecture The Trinity of Architectural Styles Spin-off of AI-research Intelligent-agent solutions Ambient intelligence as emerging behavior Knowledge-Based System Course TUE