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Ilia Ilyin, EMEP/MSC-E

Progress in evaluation of pollution levels of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants in EECCA countries. Ilia Ilyin, EMEP/MSC-E. EMEP/MSC-E. TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St . Petersburg , Russia. Protocols on heavy metals (НМ s ) and persistent organic pollutants ( POPs ) of 1998.

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Ilia Ilyin, EMEP/MSC-E

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  1. Progress in evaluation of pollution levels of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants in EECCA countries Ilia Ilyin, EMEP/MSC-E EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  2. Protocolson heavy metals (НМs) andpersistent organic pollutants(POPs) of 1998 Protocol on HMs: Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury(Hg) Protocol on POPs: PCDD/F, PAH, PCB, HCH, HCB… … According to the protocols, • Each Party within geographical scope of EMEP shall report information on the levels of emissions • EMEP shall, using models and measurements provide Parties with information on pollution levels and transboundary transport EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  3. Information available in EMEP: • Emission data • Modelling results - Maps of concentrations and depositions - Transboundary pollution - Temporal trends of pollution levels - Ecosystem-dependent depositions • Monitoring EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  4. - official data Lead emissions in 2007. Official data: 35 countries withinEMEP (including 4 EECCA countries) Other countries: - TNOexpert estimates (European part of EMEP region) - Lead: Global data for 1990 (Pacyna et al., 1995) - Mercury: Global data of AMAP/UNEPfor 2005. - Cadmium: Cd = Coeff * Hg Pb emissions in EECCA countries Pb, 2007 EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  5. - official data PCDD/Femissions in 2007. Official data: 35 countries withinEMEP (including 1 EECCA country) Other countries: - TNOexpert estimates (European part of EMEP region) - POPCYCLING-Baltic project (European part of EMEP region) - Global data (UNEP, 1999, Li, 2004, Breivik et al, 2007, Zhang and Tao, 2008) PCDD/F emissions in EECCA countries PCDD/F, 2007 EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  6. Concentrations of B(a)Pin air Concentrations of lead in air Total depositions of B(a)P Total depositions of lead HM and POP pollution levels in EMEP region and EECCA countries in 2007 EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  7. Transboundary transport of heavy metals and POPs in the EMEP region Depositions of mercuryfrom Turkmenistan sources in2007. Transboundary transport of mercury from Turkmenistan sources in 2007 Depositions of mercury from Turkmenistan sources in 2007 EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  8. Country’s contributions to mercury depositions in Turkmenistan from anthropogenic sources Over the country as a whole Spatial distribution (50х50 km) EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  9. Contributions of different sources to mercurydeposition From national sources From Russia From Kazakhstan From Uzbekistan EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  10. Information for EECCA countries www.msceast.org EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  11. Directions of other activities: • Modelling over global scale • Evaluation of HMs and POPs wind re-suspension • Detailed assessment of pollution levels in individual countries EMEP/MSC-E

  12. Mercury deposition fluxes in EECCA countries in 2007 Contribution of remote mercury sources: 55 – 95% Also for Pb: 5 – 50% forCd: 2 –50% forPOPs: up to 10% (N. America) EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  13. Global modelling framework GLEMOS Developed within EMEP programme Key features: • Regional to global scale • Variable spatial resolution (from 5º×5º to 0.25º×0.25º) • Nesting procedure • Multi-pollutant Multi-media approach • Flexible modular structure EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  14. Pilot modelling results for Hg Hg0 air concentration (2001) Modelling: GLEMOS Measurements: EMEP, AMAP, CAMNet, field measurements Hg wet deposition (2001) Modelling: GLEMOS Measurements: EMEP, NADP/MDN EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  15. Atmospheric transport to the Arctic from Siberian and Central Asian sources (lead, 2001) January, 15 January,16 January, 13 EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  16. Wind re-suspension Deposition fluxes of lead in EECCA countries in 2007 Contribution of wind re-suspension: 20 – 65% EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  17. FOREGS (www.gtk.fi/publ/foregsatlas/) Input of heavy metals to the atmosphere because of wind re-suspension of dust Wind re-suspensionof HM = f (wind re-suspensionof dust, soil conc.) For other countries (including EECCAcountries), default values are set! Information from EECCA countries (wind re-suspension of dust, concentrations in soils) is highly appreciated! EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  18. Detailed assessment of pollution levels in individual countries Factors affecting quality of the pollution assessment: • Emission data (completeness of the data,spatial distribution, temporal variability etc..) • Monitoring data (network density, data quality, representativeness of stations etc….) • Modelling results (spatial resolution, model parameterizations, etc...) Detailed complex analysis for anindividual country can be performed in the framework of special case study

  19. Case study Main purpose: A complex analysis of factors affecting quality of the assessment of heavy metal pollution levels using variety of available information (detailed emissions, monitoring and modelling results). Expected output: • Detailed assessment of pollution levels and factors controlling them in individual countries • Recommendations to further improvements of pollution assessment components (quality of emissions, model parameterizations, quality and representativeness of monitoring data etc.. ) EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  20. Energy production Residential combustion Industry Emission data for thecase study • Total emissions in a country • Emission source categories data • Large point source dataEmission factors • Temporal variability of emissions • Emission factors Large point sources (EU data base) • Data with high spatial resolution EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  21. Lead conc.in mosses, 2005 EMEP stations EMEP stations Stations form national network Weekly mean Pb conc. in air Monitoring data • Concentrations in air and in precipitation at EMEP stations • Concentrations in air and in precipitation at national networks • Detailed site description, its representativeness • As high as possible temporal resolution • Additional measurement information (e.g., concentrations of HMs in mosses, throughfall measurements) EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  22. Kola Penn., 50 х 50 км Germany CL exceedance (Pb, 2000) Kola Penn., 5.5 х 5.5 км Expected results • Calculated concentrations and deposition with high spatial resolution • Contributions of administrative regions and neighbouring countries t0 pollution levels • Contributions of source categories to pollution levels • Contributions of large point sources to pollution levels • Critical loads exceedances maps EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  23. Pb, 2007 Station FI17 (Virolahti II) • Concentrations in air and in precip. • High (daily) temporal resolution for conc. in air EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  24. v v Episode 1 Episode 2 Comparison of concentrations in air at FI17 (Pb, 2007) EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  25. St. Petersburg St. Petersburg St. Petersburg St. Petersburg FI17 FI17 FI17 FI17 August, 10, 06 h August, 10, 18 h August, 10, 00 h August, 10, 12 h Emission, g/km2/y Traj. Height, m Application of back trajectories 72 hrs back trajectories and emissions of lead Episode 1: 10 August 2007 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  26. St. Petersburg St. Petersburg St. Petersburg St. Petersburg FI17 FI17 FI17 FI17 September, 17, 06 h September, 17, 18 h September, 17, 00 h September, 17, 12 h Emission, g/km2/y Traj. Height, m Application of back trajectories 72 hrs back trajectories and emissions of lead Episode 2: 17 September 2007 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris EMEP/MSC-E TFHM, 26-28 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

  27. Countries interested in taking part in the case study are welcomed!

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