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Tin Toy

Experiments at RHIC, the First Spin Collider ---- just taking off ----- Hideto En’yo RIKEN / RIKEN-BNL Research Center. Tin Toy. A Fly Wheel is working hard inside, which carries the moment of inertia. Tires rotating, and runs. How this toy works ?. Spin of the Earth and Spin of Proton.

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Tin Toy

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  1. Experiments at RHIC, the First Spin Collider---- just taking off -----Hideto En’yo RIKEN / RIKEN-BNL Research Center CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  2. Tin Toy

  3. A Fly Wheel is working hard inside, which carries the moment of inertia Tires rotating, and runs How this toy works ?

  4. Spin of the Earth and Spin of Proton Spin Top and Magnet characters

  5. SOLVED Big Question Facility Ready Fundamental Questions What is the fly wheel of Proton What attracts quarks How can we study ?

  6. Big Question What is the fly wheel in the proton Proton Spin Gluon Spin Orbital Motion Quark S p i n Proton Spin Crisis

  7. Polarize protons ( arrange all the proton spin to the same axis ) Accelerate to the very high energy And Collide ! Spin collider 【The first in the world】

  8. 0.0001sec after the Big-Bang Quark Gluon Plasma The First Element, Nucleon Particle Physics Hadron Physics =Physics @ RICH ＱＧＰ Proton Structure What We learn ? Nuclear Physics Astro Physics Yuko Mochizuki, RIKEN-RARF

  9. Long Island, USA、NY

  10. RHIC Circumference3.83 km Two rings • Proton + Proton • Nucleus + Nucleus

  11. 西・電子・光子測定器 南μ介子測定器 北μ介子測定器 東・電子・光子測定器 不死鳥PHENIX 検出器

  12. PHENIX Experiment

  13. How we can polarize proton

  14. Two Rings in the Tunnel Booster: No Spin Resonance KEK OPPPS, Tuned for RHIC at TRIUMPH Transfer Lines to RHIC, Spin transparent AGS: Partial Siberian Snake Polarized Proton Acceleration CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  15. RHIC PHENIX STAR LINAC AGS Snake Magnet Proton and its spin motion in Snake 4 Helical Dipoles – one Snake essential invention for RHIC spin 2 Snakes in each ring Snake axis orthogonal each other Spin is preserved up to 250GeV RIKEN fund CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  16. PaNic02 K.Kurita Carbon filament target (5mg/cm2)in the RHIC beam Measure recoil carbon ions at q~90º 100 keV < Ecarbon< 1 MeV up Si #6 Arrival time (ns) Si #1 Carbon left right RHIC Si #5 Si #2 Wave-Form Digitizer +FPGA high counting rates (~0.5 MHz) scaler measurement  de ~ 310-4 in ~1 minute. PHENIX Si #3 STAR Si #4 down ADC values Beam’s View LINAC AGS Coulomb Nuclear Interference Polarimeter CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  17. PHENIX 150 nb-1 Luminosity in Year 1 Machine Luminosity 300 nb-1 /week Peak 1.8x1030 cm-2s-1 350 300 250 STAR 300 nb-1 200 150 100 50 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 Days into run (from 12/20/01) CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  18. Polarization in Year 1 Yellow Ring Blue Ring CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  19. PRHIC 10% 20% 30% PAGS Why polarization was low ? Source Improvement New AGS SNAKE 2004-5 Ramp up Spead Injection 1st Year AGS motor generator failure ½ ramp up speed 2x resonance effect CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  20. ２００３ CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  21. Prospect of Machine performance CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  22. pp2pp RHIC Spin Rotators PHENIX STAR LINAC AGS The Spin Experiments pp elastic Silicons in Roman pot -t down (0.004 GeV/c)2 b*=10m (special tune) CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  23. Spin Physics at RHIC RHIC = polarized parton collider • Spin Structure of Nucleon • 1/2=(1/2)DS+DG+Lq+Lg • DG: gluon polarization • Dq: Anti-quark polarization • New Structures • h1: transversity • NEW TOOL to study hadronic processes • W,Z @500GeV • flavor sensitive studies on the structure functions • cc/bb • Production mechanism • Spin in the fragmentation • Parity,CP violating interaction? • Test of pQCD • Use asymmetries sensitive ONLY to the higher orders (AN at high PT etc.) ?QCD triumph? or ?beyond ? CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  24. Asymmetries Measurements • ALL:Double Longitudinal Spin Asymmetry • Useful in extracting quark/gluon helicity distributions AN:Twist-3 or T ATT: Transversity AL:Parity Violation CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  25. Impact of RHIC Spin on Dg Global QCD Analysis With RHIC DATA (1year) AAC Preliminary AAC Preliminary M. Hirai, H.Kobayashi, M. Miyama et al. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  26. N.Saito Measurements of Dq, Dq at PHENIX Parity violating single Asymmetry unpolarized distribution  polarized distribution • d small at high x Du/u (Dd/d for W-) flavor selected valence quark polarization • Dd/d (Du/u for W-) determination Major background is Z decay (20%) systematic error will be minimized (~1%) with ALZ (~20%)and s(Z) measurements CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  27. Data from the 1st polarized pp runs • Run all the time with vertical polarization • polarization is too low to perform double spin • No gluon information • Commission the detectors for polarized pp • Cross section reference for pp and AA • First measurements of L-R asymmetry at root( s ) = 200GeV CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  28. Spin02 B.Fox (RBRC) QM02 H,Torii(Kyoto) PaNic02 Y. Goto(RIKEN) PHENIX Preliminary Normalization error of 30% not shown. PHENEIXp0 cross section • Pt Spectrum over 108 magnitude • NLO pQCD calculation • CTEQ5M pdf • Potter-Kniehl-Kramer(PKK) • fragmentation function •  = pT/2, pT, 2pT • Consistent with data within the scale dependence. pT dependent systematic error MB trigger 2x2 trigger CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  29. Spin02 H. Sato( Kyoto) Panic02 K.Ozawa(CNS) PHENIX J/ Rapidity distribution compared with PHITHIA simulation Total Cross section vs. the Color-Evaporation Model prediction e+e- µ+µ- Br(J/l+l-) (total) = 226  36 (stat.)  79 (syst.) nb  (p+pJ/X) = 3.8  0.6 (stat.)  1.3 (syst.) µb • CEM Parameters are fixed by fitting low energy data • The result agrees with the CEM prediction at s=200GeV PHENIX Preliminary CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  30. Physics in AN (L-R Asymmetry)useful for local polarimeter for collision point E704 at Fermilab at s=20 GeV, pT=0.5-2.0 GeV/c: PT XF 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 STAR TPC PHENIX MUON PHENIX CENTRAL STAR FPD BBC pp2pp 0o CAL 0 1 2 3 4 5 Rapidity Models:: Transversity, Higher Twist, Fragmentation, kT, Orbital. Etc. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  31. Spin02 G.Rakness(IUCF) STAR Forward rapidity high xF p0 AN AN Theory predictions at pT = 1.5 GeV/c Collins effect Anselmino, et al. PRD 60 (1999) 054027. Sivers effect Anselmino, et al. Phys. Lett. B442 (1998) 470. Twist 3 effectQiu and Sterman, Phys. Rev. D59 (1998) 014004. Y.Koike PaNic02 0.4 STAR FPD Preliminary Data Assuming AN(CNI)= 0.013 pT=1.1 - 2.5 GeV/c 0.2 0.0 Systematic uncertainty +－ 0.05 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 -0.2 xF ~E / 100 GeV CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  32. Beam-Beam Counter (luminosity monitor) PHENIX-BBC |AN| ~ 1% : 3.0 – 5.0 PHENIX-BBC |AN| < 0.3% : 3.0 - 3.9 PHENIX preliminary (backward) (forward) Asymmetry Measured by RHIC polarimeter CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  33. Spin02 Y.Fukao(Kyoto) Panic02 M.Togawa(Kyoto) Neutron Veto EM Cal Base Charge Veto PbWO4 Hadron Cal Base Scintillator Post-shower Pb W+Fiber Cal 12 O‘clock（local polarimeter for PHENIX) p0 CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  34. 12 O’clock CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  35. Asymmetries (AN) seen PT XF 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 p0 +10 ~ +20% STAR TPC PHENIX MUON PHENIX CENTRAL STAR FPD BBC pp2pp Neutron -10% g -3% p0 <3% 0o CAL 0 1 2 3 4 5 Rapidity Charged +1% CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  36. Coming Run with longitudinal polarization3pb-1,P=50% expectations W. Vogelsang PHENIX Charged STAR JET DG will be directly probed CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  37. Summary and Outlook • RHIC spin program has begun. We have a series of program over 5 years to go. • Y2001-2, The first polarized proton collision was successfully done with transversely polarized beam, produced unexpected spin phenomena which may relate to unknown behavior of QCD (transversity etc) • Y2002-3, The first measurements of helicity asymmetry will SOON be performed @200GeV. Sizable DG generates surprises in the data. • Y2003+, Statistics will be much improved @200GeV, ensuring the determination of DG . “Spin Crisis” will hopefully be solved by then. • Y2005+, Weak Bosons will be produced at RHIC, the NEW “flavor sensitive” tool for the anti-quark/quark polarization and unpolarized structure function of anti-quark measurements. • And beyond… CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  38. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

  39. Many Thanks To RHIC Spin Collaboration(Spokesman: G. Bunce) Spin physics is an integral part of the goals of the STAR, PHENIX and pp2pp experiments. RHIC Accelerator Spin Group(Spokesman:T.Roser, Project Manager: W.Mackay) RIKEN and RIKEN/BNL Research Center (Group Leaders: H. En’yo, G.Bunce, N. Saito), Theory Group （W.Vorgelsang et.al.) STAR Spin Physics Working Group (Conveners: L. Bland, G. Eppley) PHENIX Spin Physics Working Group (Conveners: Y. Goto, M. Perdekamp) pp2pp Experiment (Spokesman: W. Guryn) BNL Groups: RHIC Spin Group (Group Leader: G. Bunce); KEK Accelerator Group(Y. Mori et al.); Laboratory / University participation Kyoto-U, TITech, ANL, IUCF, KEK and many others . CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

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