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France: National Security & International Affairs

France: National Security & International Affairs. French Colonial Empires. International Outputs and Outcomes. International activities: economic , diplomatic , military informational Most common outcome of the interaction among nations has been warfare

brittany-shaffer
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France: National Security & International Affairs

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  1. France: National Security & International Affairs French Colonial Empires

  2. International Outputs and Outcomes • International activities: • economic, • diplomatic, • military • informational • Most common outcome of the interaction among nations has been warfare • Military strength and military policy central concern of all but the weakest states

  3. War in the Twentieth Century(90 % of the war deaths since 1700 have occurred in the 20th century • In the last decades of the 20th century, more than three-quarters of the war deaths were civilian. • People of USSR-Russian have been the greatest victims of the tormented history of the 20th century. • Germany suffered the second largest number of deaths. • Followed by China and Japan, France and Great Britain • French Infantry: WW I

  4. Humiliation of France • France defeated by nazi war machine (1940) • Vichy government collaborates with Hitler • Charles De Gaulle leads French forces in liberation of France (1944-45) • Occupied Paris

  5. International After World War II • The most devastating conflicts have occurred in the Third World. • Partition of British India into India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh associated with numerous deadly conflicts. • Conflicts in Africa • Many newly independent from about 1960 • Borders drawn by colonial powers • Serious problems of national cohesion/chronic civil war • France involved in many military conflicts in the Third World Third World (in Green)

  6. Three Colors, One Flag, One Empire

  7. First Indochina War(1946 – 1954) French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps and Viet Minhcommunistrevolutionaries Battle of Dien Bien Phu • Efforts to regain French colony resisted by local forces • Việt Minh, led by HồChí Minh • Geneva accords end conflict and French withdraw • Subsequent developments set stage for the Vietnam war

  8. The Sinai Campaign, 1956 • Egypt closes the Israeli port of Eilat • Egypt nationalizes the Suez Canal (1956) • October 29, 1956 – joint French, British, Israeli invasion to capture canal • March 1957 – U.S. sides with USSR to force withdrawal of invading forces

  9. Algeria: Sundering of France?(1954 – 1962) • Effectively started by members of the National Liberation Front (FLN) on 1 November 1954 during the Toussaint Rouge ("Red All Saints' Day"), • De Gaulle's return to power (1958)was supposed to ensure Algeria's continued occupation and integration with the French Community, • De Gaulle organized a vote for the Algerian people. • Algerians voted for independence • March 1962 Evian Accords resulted in the independence of Algeria. • Algerian Battlefield

  10. Leaving NATO Military Command & Development Independent Strike Force:(De Gaulle 1966) • Frustration over U.S.- Britain domination of NATO military command structure • force de frappeprovides independent Strike Force • Aair-based component around the newly developed DassaultMirage IV strategic bomber • short-range Pluton and Hadès missiles, designed to be launched from the front lines at approaching Soviet armies

  11. French Arms Sales • Fourth place among global arms merchants (after USA, Britain & Russia ) • Reached $9.7 billion in 2009 • Provide 50,000 jobs in France • Best Customers • Brazil • Saudi Arabia • Morocco

  12. Competitiveness of French Military Second Persian Gulf War (1991) • second largest European contingent was from France, with 18,000 troops • 6th Light Armored Division placed under control of U.S. • Highly dependent of USA logistic capabilities Bosnia-Kosovo (1999) • French reluctant to support USA with commitment of troops • Heavy reliance on air power and sophisticated logistics reveal deficiencies in French military

  13. Sarkozy: Maneuvering to Rejoin NATO • French interests served by reintegration into NATO • Modernization of military • Defense against terrorism • Influence with militaries of EEC member states • Non-negotiable condition: important role for French generals in NATO command structure

  14. French Military in Afghanistan • 2,000 French troops participate in the fight • more than 3,800 Afghan Army officers have been trained by French instructors. • Financing approximately 16% of the EU contributions earmarked eradication of poppy remains the most serious challenge for the country.

  15. France in Libya: Foreign & Defense Policy in 2011 • Sarkozy pressures U.S. and EU to gain international support to protect civilians • French military plays major role in NATO campaign that brought down Gaddaffi • French forces pounded Libya's air defenses and patrolled its skies

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