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Ocean Exploration

Explore the mysterious world of submarine volcanoes and their significant impact on ocean ecosystems and resources. Learn about the chemical effects, ore deposits, and interest from international conglomerates in mining. Discover the importance of studying these volcanic systems for a better understanding of ocean exploration and management.

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Ocean Exploration

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  1. Ocean Exploration • Mid Ocean Ridge is the largest contiguous feature on the Earth’s Surface. • More than 80% of Volcanic Eruptions on Earth take place under water.

  2. Mission • Ecosystems • Ocean Resources • Management • Exploration and Research • Study Sites to provide understanding

  3. Ocean Exploration • The chemical impact of submarine volcanoes on the oceans is significant. • Submarine Volcanoes do not put more CO2 into the oceans than man (about 1%). The Actual Flux is still poorly known especially CO2 flux from arcs • Volcanoes do put out a lot of CO2 • Volcanoes are a significant source of Fe to the oceans • Eventual upwelling • Near Surface Eruptions and hydrothermal systems • Submarine volcanoes produce significant Ore deposits • Historically as well as in modern ocean • International Conglomerates are interested in mining in areas that we have studied • What are impacts • What is the Baseline? • Can we learn about the impacts from our studies? • Can we learn about the impacts from land based mines ues of submarine tailings disposal?

  4. Impacts • Mid Ocean Ridge is the largest contiguous feature on the Earth’s Surface. It is poorly understood and poorly explored. • More than 80% of Volcanic Eruptions on Earth take place under water. • The chemical impact of submarine volcanoes on the oceans is significant. • Submarine Volcanoes do not put more CO2 into the oceans than man (about 1%). The Actual Flux is still poorly known, especially CO2 flux from arcs. Submarine volcanoes produce significant Ore deposits • Historically as well as in modern ocean • International Conglomerates are interested in mining in areas that we have studied • What are impacts • What is the Baseline? • Can we learn about the impacts from our studies? • S • S

  5. White flocculent mats near gas rich, high temperature (>100°C) white smokers, “Champagne” Vent Site.

  6. Hydrothermal Activity in the Lower Photic Zone – East Diamante Volcano Aquarium Pinnacle 168 m Chemo- to photo-synthesisat East Diamante

  7. Monowai Volcano

  8. Dutch Harbor • A Volcano • A fisheries port • Other Non-eruptions

  9. Ocean Exploration of Submarine Volcanoes

  10. Outline • Identification of submarine eruptions from water column work • Rapid Response • Discovery of an Active Eruption

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