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CSCE 515 : Computer Network Programming

Learn about the Internet Protocol (IP) basics, including IP headers, routing, subnet addressing, and the transition to IPv6 for enhanced capabilities. Discover how IP delivers data packets and addresses network growth challenges.

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CSCE 515 : Computer Network Programming

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  1. CSCE 515:Computer Network Programming Chin-Tser Huang huangct@cse.sc.edu University of South Carolina

  2. Internet Protocol (IP) • Workhorse of TCP/IP protocol suite • Upper layer data (TCP, UDP, ICMP, IGMP, etc.) are transmitted as IP datagrams • Provide unreliable and connectionless datagram delivery service

  3. IP Header

  4. IP Demultiplexing TCP UDP ICMP IGMP IP

  5. IP Options • A variable-length list of optional information for the datagram • Always end on 32-bit boundary • Options defined in IPv4 include • Security and handling restrictions • Record route • Timestamp • Loose source routing • Strict source routing

  6. IP Routing • Done on a hop-by-hop basis • If destination is directly connected or on a shared network, send IP datagram directly to destination • Otherwise send datagram to a default router

  7. Routing Table • Each entry contains following information • Destination IP address • IP address of next-hop router • Flags • Specification of network interface

  8. Subnet Addressing • To make better use of class A and class B addresses, divide host ID into subnet ID and host ID 14 16 Class B 1 0 netid hostid 14 8 8 1 0 netid subnetid hostid

  9. Subnet Mask • 32-bit value containing “1” bits for network ID and subnet ID, and “0” bits for host ID 14 8 8 1 0 netid subnetid hostid 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 =0xffffff00 =255.255.255.0

  10. ifconfig Command • Available at /usr/sbin • Configure or query a network interface used by TCP/IP • Support address families other than IP address • -a option to display report of all interfaces

  11. netstat Command • Available at /usr/bin • Display network status • -a option to display state of all sockets, all routing table entries, or all interfaces • -i option to display interface information • -n option to print IP addresses instead of host names • -r option to display routing table • -M option to display multicast routing table

  12. Problems with Current IP • 32-bit IP addresses are inadequate for Internet growth • Limited support for extensions and options • Lack of security features

  13. Future of IP: IPv6 • Designed to be successor of IPv4 • Specified in RFC 1883 • Five major changes from IPv4 • Expanded Addressing Capabilities • Header Format Simplification • Improved Support for Extensions and Options • Flow Labeling Capability • Authentication and Privacy Capabilities

  14. IPv6 Header 0 31

  15. IPv6 Extension Headers

  16. Next Class • ICMP • Ping and traceroute • Routing principles • Read TI Ch. 6, 7, 8, 9

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