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Announcements

Announcements. Invitations to gathering on 17th Contracts? What is “Ch. 6 (109-112)”? Group work : “ Marriage is hard work ” meet/eat/speak + “ More brains ” teach/don’t compete Who already started writing their paper ?

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Announcements

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  1. Announcements • Invitations to gathering on 17th • Contracts? What is “Ch. 6 (109-112)”? • Group work: “Marriage is hard work” meet/eat/speak + “More brains” teach/don’t compete • Who already started writing their paper? • Tips on DRAFT1: find role, focus, consult I to A, science=prediction, turnitin.com

  2. Hemoglobin The Body’s Oxygen Shuttle (and more)

  3. Wild-type hemoglobin DNA Mutant hemoglobin DNA C T C C 3 3 A C 5 5 T 5 G G G A G 3 5 3 mRNA mRNA G A G 5 G U G 3 5 3 Normal hemoglobin Sickle-cell hemoglobin Val Glu

  4. Normal hemoglobin Sickle-cell hemoglobin Primary structure His Val Leu Glu Glu His Thr Val Primary structure Thr Pro Val Leu Pro Glu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Exposed hydrophobic region Secondary and tertiary structures Secondary and tertiary structures  subunit  subunit     Sickle-cell hemoglobin Quaternary structure Normal hemoglobin (top view) Quaternary structure     Function Molecules interact with one another and crystallize into a fiber; capacity to carry oxygen is greatly reduced. Function Molecules do not associate with one another; each carries oxygen. 10 µm 10 µm Red blood cell shape Normal red blood cells are full of individual hemoglobin moledules, each carrying oxygen. Red blood cell shape Fibers of abnormal hemoglobin deform red blood cell into sickle shape.

  5. Frequencies of the sickle-cell allele 0–2.5% 2.5–5.0% 5.0–7.5% Distribution of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum (a parasitic unicellular eukaryote) 7.5–10.0% 10.0–12.5% >12.5%

  6. Benefits of sickle cell? Frequencies of the sickle-cell allele 0–2.5% 2.5–5.0% 5.0–7.5% Distribution of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum (a parasitic unicellular eukaryote) 7.5–10.0% 10.0–12.5% >12.5%

  7. Normal -globin allele Normalallele Sickle-cellallele 175 bp Large fragment 201 bp DdeI DdeI DdeI DdeI Largefragment Sickle-cell mutant -globin allele 376 bp 201 bp175 bp Large fragment 376 bp DdeI DdeI DdeI (a) DdeI restriction sites in normal and sickle-cell alleles of -globin gene (b) Electrophoresis of restriction fragments from normal and sickle-cell alleles

  8. In the Reading for today, what were the researchers doing to treat sickle cell?

  9. What’s the story, the hypothesis and was it supported?

  10. What is the HYPOTHESIS?

  11. What’s the story, the hypothesis and was it supported?

  12. What is the HYPOTHESIS?

  13. What’s the story, the hypothesis and was it supported?

  14. What is the HYPOTHESIS?

  15. What’s the story, the hypothesis and was it supported?

  16. What is the HYPOTHESIS?

  17. What’s the story, the hypothesis and was it supported?

  18. What is the HYPOTHESIS?

  19. Pre-test Prepare Paper “Structure” “Function”

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