Health during Infancy & Childhood

1. Health during Infancy & Childhood

2. CHILD HEALTH NURSING: Pediatric nursing also focuses on the healthy growth and development of a child not only at a physical level but also at mental level. education & awareness of the family members specially mothers is a very critical & important aspects because child health is a continuous process & it requires that families should be educated on how to provide them a healthy growth opportunity. • In neonatal pediatric nursing a nurse has to take care of the most basic requirement of the patient which needs a very hard and in depth training process. • Pediatric nursing also incorporates emergency medical management and intensive care for the children of different age groups.

3. Pediatric Nursing • Concerns with care of infants and children: • Preventing disease or injury • Assisting children, including those with permanent disability or health problems to achieve and maintain an optimum level of health and development. • Treating or rehabilitating children with health deviations.

4. Nurse requires the knowledge of: • Normal psychomotor, psychosocial, and cognitive growth and development. • Pediatric health problems and needs. • Preventive care and anticipatory guidance.

5. Characteristics of a Pediatric Nurse: • Communicate well with children. • Be honest& Establish a trust relationship with children & their parents. • Altruistic (acting of the good/concern for the welfare of others) • Knowledgeable about diseases and medication (teacher). • Familiar with community resources and organization (networker). • Role model and child & family advocate. • Recognize uniqueness. • Develop partnership with parents (mutual respect and sharing the decision making role). • Coordinating the health care team.

6. Assessment of health of children • Mortality rate. • Morbidity rate. The assessment of the two variables can reflect: 1- Causes of deaths. 2- Age group at risk for hazards and diseases.

7. Statistics • Incidence: ex. Number of new cases of DM over specific period of time. • Prevalence: ex. Number of old & newcases of DM over specific period of time. • Mortality: Number of individuals who died over specific period of time per 1000. ( death certificates) • Infant mortality rate (IMR): Number of deaths per 1000 live births during first year of life in specific year. Two type of IMR: • Neonatal mortality: From birth to 28 days of life. • Postnatal mortality: From one month to 12 months of life.

8. Decrease IMR due to • Good infection control. • Improve nutritional conditions. • New generation of antibiotic and antimicrobial. • Advanced care of preconception care, prenatal, natal and postnatal care. • Improve the health and education of the population as general.

9. Main leading causes of deaths in Palestine • Respiratory diseases. • Infections. • Low birth weight. • Congenital malformations. • Sudden infant death.

10. Causes of Deaths 1. Infants: 0-12 months: • Prenatal condition: • Aspiration pneumonia. • Cord compression. • Difficult labor. B. Congenital malformations: • Teteralogy of fallout. • Tracheoesophageal fistula. • Others. C. Infection & sepsis. • Neonate baby • Low immunity

11. Causes of Deaths 2. Childhood: • Accidents. • Cancers. • Congenital anomalies (Cystic fibrosis, Thalassemia, etc…). • Infections. (Respiratory tract & Gastrointestinal) • Malnutrition. 3. Adolescents: • Accidents and suicide.

12. Morbidity • Morbidity definition: • Statistics the prevalence of a specific illness in the population at a particular time per 1000. • Example: number of bacterial meningitis in children under age of five years in 2014.

13. Morbidity in children • Morbidity in children definition: Any illness sever enough to limit activity or require medical attention. Classified as: • Acute(respiratory. infections, injuries). • Chronic or disability. • Social illnesses (behavioral, psychosocial & educational problems( poverty, violence and school failure)

14. Thank You