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chapter 14

chapter 14. Special Populations and Sport. Chapter Outline. Americans with Disabilities Act American Association of People with Disabilities Sport Participation for Athletes with Physical Disabilities Sport Participation for Athletes with Mental Disabilities

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chapter 14

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  1. chapter14 Special Populations and Sport

  2. Chapter Outline • Americans with Disabilities Act • American Association of People with Disabilities • Sport Participation for Athletes with Physical Disabilities • Sport Participation for Athletes with Mental Disabilities • Sport Participation for Older Athletes • Issues for Special Populations in Sport • Summary

  3. Special Populations in the United States • More than 54 million people have at least one mental or physical disability: • Of these, 3 times as many live in poverty. • Of these, only 34% are very satisfied with life compared to 61% of people without disabilities. • There are 80 million Americans older than 50 years. • These populations are discriminated against and excluded.

  4. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) • U.S. law signed by President George H. Bush in 1990 • Eliminates discrimination in several areas: • Employment • Government • Public accommodations • Telecommunications • Transportation • Dramatic change in sport opportunities

  5. Paralympics • Games for athletes who have amputations, are visually impaired, or have cerebral palsy, spinal cord injuries, MS, dwarfism, and so on • 1960 inaugural games in Rome, Italy • 400 athletes from 23 countries participated (continued)

  6. Paralympics (continued) • Today include more than 5,000 athletes, 120 countries, 21 sports • Division of the U.S. Olympic Committee • State Paralympics held annually for athletes aged 12 to 18 years

  7. Special Olympics • Athletes with intellectual disabilities, cognitive delays, significant learning disabilities, or vocational problems • Represent 150 countries and more than 1.7 million athletes • First games in Chicago, with 1,000 athletes participating • Goal is to improve fitness, develop skills, and increase confidence and self-image • 2007 Games to be held in Shanghai, China

  8. Sport Participation for Older Adults • Associations • AARP • International Council on Active Aging (ICAA) • Performance sports • Masters, senior tours • In 2005, 10,400 athletes competed in the Summer National Senior Games in Pittsburgh • 2006 National Senior Festivals for Golf, Tennis, and Hockey • Example: Phillipa Raschker (44 Masters world records in track and field) (continued)

  9. Sport Participation for Older Adults (continued) • Participation sports • Current trends implicate huge increase in physical activity and sports for the over-50 crowd • Increase in lifetime activities with age: swimming, tennis, walking, golf, yoga • Communities offer free or inexpensive programs • Example: Kids and Kubs (Florida softball league whose age limit is 75 years and older!)

  10. Issues for Special Populations • Acceptance • Funding and organizational support • Community program opportunities • Training for coaches, administration, and officials (continued)

  11. Issues for Special Populations (continued) • Equipment • Inclusion with other populations • Media support

  12. Summary • Recent laws protect special populations with regard to opportunities and discrimination. • Athletes with disabilities are now offered national and international competition. • Older adults are able to compete on senior tours. • An increase in community level funding, acceptance, support, and opportunities for these populations is necessary.

  13. On Deck… • Questions and comments • Assignments and readings • Next chapter: Religion and Sport • Prevalence • Reciprocal relationship

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