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Cultures of North America . Chapter 1, Section 2. What is Culture?. Mound Builders. 3,000 years ago in Appalachian mountains to Mississippi Valley Mississippians built the first cities in North America Largest city was Cahokia in present day Illinois http://youtu.be/P_aSBfHpytE. Anasazi.
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Cultures of North America Chapter 1, Section 2
Mound Builders • 3,000 years ago in Appalachian mountains to Mississippi Valley • Mississippians built the first cities in North America • Largest city was Cahokia in present day Illinois • http://youtu.be/P_aSBfHpytE
Anasazi • Emerged in Southern Utah, Colorado, northern Arizona, and New Mexico • Built large cliff dwellings to defend against enemies like the Navajo and Aztecs • They were skilled in making baskets, pottery, and jewelry. They also engaged in trade • By 1300, they abandoned their cliff dwellings • http://www.history.com/videos/demise-of-the-anasazi • http://youtu.be/Rvgh6PyWHxc
Hohokam • 300 B.C. – A.D. 1450 • Highly skilled farmers • They dug irrigation canals in the desert in present-day Arizona • Trade brought them in contact with people who lived in the Gulf of CA
Ways of Life – Meeting Basic Needs • Native Americans classified into culture areas—regions in which groups of people have a similar way of life • Women= planters and collected nuts/acorns/berries • Men=hunted game and fished • In some culture areas, Native Americans farmed instead of hunted • In some areas, trade was important • Shells, flint, copper, salt = all important items for trade
Shared Beliefs • Felt a connection to the natural world • Spirits dwelled in nature and were a part of their daily lives • Green Corn Ceremony • Kachinas and the Pueblo Indians • Oral traditions passed on from generation to generation
Far North Native Americans • Natives of the Arctic survived on fish, shellfish, and birds • They also hunted whales, seals, walruses, and caribou. In the summer they fished. • In the subarctic region, it was too cold for farming and they survived on animals and plants of the forest
Northwest • Southern Alaska to Northern California • People could settle down because there was plenty of food BUT they were not farmers • High-ranking people practiced potlatch, a ceremony at which the hosts showered their guests with gifts • A families status was judged by how much wealth it could give away
Far West • Winters could be cold in the forests and grasslands of the North but the Southern parts could be desert like • Housing different depending on the region • Pit houses dug in the ground • Cone-shaped houses covered with bark • Houses of wooden planks
Southwest- Pueblo people • Area in present-day Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Utah and Colorado • Dry most of the year, rain in July and August • Some farmed, some hunted • Hopis and Zunis had stable towns because of adobe houses
Great Plains • Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains • Eastern plains people farmed and lived in earth lodges • Western plains was too dry to farm. No trees for building so they lived in teepees made of animal skin • Buffalo were very important to the plains people
Eastern Woodlands • Hunted, fished, foraged • A.D. 1000, they took up farming • Two big groups- Algonquians and Iroquois • Algonquians = Southern Canada, Great Lakes area, Atlantic Coast to Virginia
Southeast • Mild climate, but summers were hot • Climate supported farming • Cherokee and Creek Indians built houses on wooden frames and plastered houses with mud • Natchez people of the Gulf Coast • Top of Society was ruler called Great Sun and the nobles • At the bottom were the commoners known as stinkards • All nobles had to marry stinkards • WHY?
