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AP Physics C

AP Physics C. Mechanics Review. Kinematics – 18% Chapters 2,3,4. Position vs. displacement Speed vs. Velocity Acceleration Kinematic Equations for constant acceleration Vectors and Vector Addition Projectile Motion – x,y motion are independent Uniform Circular Motion.

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AP Physics C

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  1. AP Physics C Mechanics Review

  2. Kinematics – 18%Chapters 2,3,4 • Position vs. displacement • Speed vs. Velocity • Acceleration • Kinematic Equations for constant acceleration • Vectors and Vector Addition • Projectile Motion – x,y motion are independent • Uniform Circular Motion

  3. Kinematics –Motion in One and Two Dimensions • Key Ideas and Vocabulary • Motion in the x is independent from motion in the y • Displacement, velocity, acceleration • Graphical Analysis of Motion – • x vs. t - Slope is velocity • v vs. t - Slope is acceleration - Area is displacement • a vs. t – Can be used to find the change in velocity • Centripetal Acceleration is always towards the center of the circle

  4. Kinematics –Motion in One and Two Dimensions Constant Acceleration Motion Equations Centripetal Acceleration 

  5. Newton’s Laws of Motion – 20%Chapters 5 & 6 • Newton’s Three Laws of Motion • Inertia • Fnet = ma • Equal and opposite forces • Force • Weight vs. Mass • Free Body Diagrams • Tension, Weight, Normal Force • Friction – Static and Kinetic, Air Resistance • Centripetal Forces and Circular Motion • Drag forces and terminal speed

  6. Newton’s Laws of MotionSecond Law Problems • Newton’s Second Law – • Draw free body diagram identifying forces on a single object • Break forces into components • Apply 2nd Law and solve x & y components simultaneously • Inclined Plane – • Rotate axes so that acceleration is in the same direction as the x-axis

  7. Newton’s Laws of MotionCircular Motion Problems • Draw free body diagram identifying forces on a single object • Break forces into components • Apply 2nd Law and solve x & y components simultaneously • Remember that the acceleration is centripetal and that it is caused by some force

  8. Newton’s Laws of MotionAir Resistance – Drag Force • Identify forces and draw free body diagrams • May involve a differential equation • Example: • Separate variables and solve. Should end up with something that decreases exponentially • Terminal Velocity – Drag force and gravity are equal in magnitude – Acceleration is equal to zero

  9. Work, Energy, Power – 14%Chapters 7 & 8 • Kinetic Energy • Work – by constant force and variable force • Spring Force • Power • Potential Energy – gravitational, elastic • Mechanical Energy • Conservation of Energy • Work Energy Theorem

  10. Work, Energy and PowerKey Equations Work Work by a Constant Force Power Kinetic Energy Work-Energy Theorem

  11. Work, Energy and PowerKey Equations

  12. Potential Energy Curves • Slope of U curve is –F • Total energy will be given, the difference between total energy and potential energy will be kinetic energy

  13. Systems & Linear Momentum – 12%Chapters 9 & 10 • Center of Mass • Linear Momentum • Conservation of Momentum • Internal vs. External forces • Collisions – Inelastic, Elastic • Impulse

  14. Systems & Linear MomentumKey Equations Center of Mass Momentum Conservation of Momentum Impulse

  15. Systems & Linear MomentumCenter of Mass, Internal and External forces • Center of Mass can be calculated by summing the individual pieces of a system or by integrating over the solid shape. • If a force is internal to a system the total momentum of the system does not change • Only external forces will cause acceleration or a change in momentum. • Usually we can expand the system so that all forces are internal.

  16. Systems & Linear MomentumCollisions • Inelastic collisions – (objects stick together) • Kinetic energy is lost • Momentum is conserved • Elastic Collisions – (objects bounce off) • Kinetic energy is conserved • Momentum is conserved

  17. Systems & Linear MomentumImpulse • Impulse is the change in momentum • Momentum will change when a force is applied to an object for a certain amount of time • Area of Force vs Time curve will be the change in momentum

  18. Systems & Linear MomentumConservation of Momentum • Momentum will always be conserved unless an outside force acts on an object. • Newton’s Second Law could read: • Newton’s Third Law is really a statement of conservation of momentum • Set initial momentum equal to final momentum and solve – make sure to solve the x and y components independently

  19. Circular Motion and Rotation – 18%Chapters 11 & 12 • Uniform Circular Motion (chap 4 & 6) • Angular position, Ang. velocity, Ang. Acceleration • Kinematics for constant ang. Acceleration • Relationship between linear and angular variables • Rotational Kinetic Energy • Rotational Inertia – Parallel Axis Theorem • Torque • Newton’s Second Law in Angular form

  20. Circular Motion and Rotation – 18%Chapters 11 & 12 • Rolling bodies • Angular momentum • Conservation of Angular momentum

  21. Circular Motion and RotationBasic Rotational Equations Circular Love and Angular Kinematics Angular Velocity & Acceleration

  22. Circular Motion and RotationLinear to Rotation As a general rule of thumb, to convert between a linear and rotational quantity, multiply by the radius r

  23. Circular Motion and RotationRolling and Kinetic Energy • A rolling object has both translational and rotational kinetic energy.

  24. Circular Motion and RotationMoment of Inertia How something rotates will depend on the mass and the distribution of mass Parallel Axis Theorem – allows us to calculate I for an object away from its center of mass I for the Center of Mass m – total mass H – distance from com to axis of rotation

  25. Circular Motion and RotationMoment of Inertia • For objects made of multiple pieces, find the moment of inertia for each piece individually and then sum the moments to find the total moment of inertia Axis of rotation m2 m1 L

  26. Circular Motion and RotationTorque • Rotational analog for force – depends on the force applied and the distance from the axis of rotation • If more than one torque is acting on an object then you simply sum the torques to find the net torqu

  27. Circular Motion and RotationAngular Momentum • Angular momentum will always be conserved in the same way that linear momentum is conserved • As you spin, if you decrease the radius (or I) then you should increase speed to keep angular momentum constant

  28. Circular Motion and RotationNewton’s 2nd Law for Rotation

  29. Oscillations and Gravity – 18%Chapters 14 & 16 • Frequency, Period, Angular Frequency • Simple Harmonic Motion • Period of a Spring • Pendulums • Period • Simple • Physical

  30. Oscillations • All harmonic motion will can modeled by a sine function • The hallmark of simple harmonic motion is • Knowing the acceleration you can find ω.

  31. OscillationsSprings and Simple Pendulums Ideal Spring Simple Pendulum

  32. OscillationsPhysical Pendulum A physical pendulum is any pendulum that is not a string with a mass at the end. It could be a meter stick or a possum swinging by its tail.

  33. Oscillations and Gravity – 18%Chapters 14 & 16 • Law of Gravitation • Superposition –find force by adding the force from each individual object • Shell Theorem – mass outside of shell doesn’t matter • Gravitational Potential Energy • Orbital Energy – Kinetic plus Potential • Escape Speed • Kepler’s Laws’ • Elliptical Orbits • Equal area in equal time (Cons. of Ang. Momentum) • T2α R3 - can be found from orbital period and speed

  34. GravityA very serious matter Universal Law of Gravity Gravitational Potential Energy Circular Orbit Speed

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