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Optical Switches

Optical Switches. MOHD NAZIR SHAKEEL. Introduction. In a MEMS optical switch, a micro-mirror is used to reflect a light beam.

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Optical Switches

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  1. Optical Switches MOHD NAZIR SHAKEEL

  2. Introduction • In a MEMS optical switch, a micro-mirror is used to reflect a light beam. • The direction in which the light beam is reflected can be changed by rotating the mirror to different angles, allowing the input light to be connected to any output port. • This type of optical switch has been realized for the first time through the fusion of various techniques such as micro-machining techniques for fabricating the mirror, optical design techniques for achieving low-loss optical connections, and control techniques for positioning the mirror accurately.

  3. What are the features? • Can switch optical signals without converting them into electrical signals. • Allows compact low-loss switches to be formed on any scale. • Switching can be performed in 10-30 msec.

  4. What can it do? • Since this device can switch large numbers of optical signals simultaneously, it can be used as a trunk switch for handling large amounts of traffic, and as a switch in large urban communication networks.

  5. Why optical switches • Explosive network traffic • Rapidly growing data rate and port count • Bottleneck due to conventional OEO switches(bandwidth, bit error rate and capacity mismatch) • Cost effective • Competition is in the high date rate range

  6. Optical switches • What are the options (From Tellium Inc)

  7. MEMS Optical Switches • What is MEMS • Micro-Electro-Mechanical System • What is MEMS optical switches • Steerable micro mirror array to direct optical light from input port to its destination port. • System-in-a-chip

  8. 2D MEMS Switches • Mirrors have only 2 positions (cross or bar) • Crossbar configuration • N2 mirrors

  9. 3D MEMS Switches • Mirrors can be tilted to any angles • N or 2N mirrors accomplishing non-block switching • Good scalability

  10. How to fabricate • MEMS process

  11. Actuating Mechanism (I) • Electrostatic mirrors are tilted by electrostatic force between opposite charged plates

  12. Actuating Mechanism (II) • Electromagneticattraction between electromagnets with different polarity

  13. Actuating Mechanism (III) • Scratch Drive Actuators (SDAs)mecromachining scheme

  14. Actuating Mechanism Comparison

  15. Performance • Switching speedsub microsecond • Scalability512  512 • Insertion Loss3-7 dB • Power dissipationless than electrical switch core

  16. Challenges • Controllability • Reliability • Manufacturability • Serviceability • Standardization

  17. Conclusion • MEMS optical switches are currently dominant and promising in the future. • Open question to switch speed. • What is the ultimate requirement? • ALL-optical? Not yet.

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