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Python GUI 工具包 :Tkinter

Python GUI 工具包 :Tkinter. Python 的标准图形工具包是 Tkinter, 它基于一种比较老的跨平台工具包 Tk 的 . 顾名思义 ,Tkinter 是 Python 程序中使用 Tk 的接口 . 为使用 Tkinter, 只需导入该模块 : import Tkinter 或者更常用的形式 : from Tkinter import *. 一个简单例子. from Tkinter import * root = Tk() w = Label(root, text="Hello, world!") w.pack()

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Python GUI 工具包 :Tkinter

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  1. Python GUI工具包:Tkinter

  2. Python的标准图形工具包是Tkinter,它基于一种比较老的跨平台工具包Tk的. 顾名思义,Tkinter是Python程序中使用Tk的接口. • 为使用Tkinter,只需导入该模块: import Tkinter 或者更常用的形式: from Tkinter import * Lu Chaojun, SJTU

  3. 一个简单例子 from Tkinter import * root = Tk() w = Label(root, text="Hello, world!") w.pack() root.mainloop() 第二行:创建Tk根构件,一个普通窗口. 第三行:创建一个标签构件,它是根窗口的子构件. 第四行:调用标签构件的pack方法.这是布局管理器之一. 第五行:进入事件循环. Lu Chaojun, SJTU

  4. 又一个例子 from Tkinter import * class App: def __init__(self, master): frame = Frame(master) frame.pack() self.button1 = Button(frame, text="QUIT", fg="red", command=frame.quit) self.button1.pack(side=LEFT) self.button2 = Button(frame, text="Hello", command=self.say_hi) self.button2.pack(side=LEFT) def say_hi(self): print "hi there, everyone!“ root = Tk() app = App(root) root.mainloop() Lu Chaojun, SJTU

  5. 常用GUI构件(1) • 窗口:构件容器的一种. root = Tk() • 标签:文本或图像 Label(root, text = 'Hello Tkinter') Label(root, bitmap = 'error') • 按钮: def helloButton(): print 'hello button' Button(root, text = 'Hello', command = helloButton) Lu Chaojun, SJTU

  6. 常用GUI构件(2) • 文本输入: Entry(root) • 画布: cv = Canvas(root,bg='white') cv.pack() cv.create_rectangle(10,10,100,100) Lu Chaojun, SJTU

  7. 常用GUI构件(3) • 框架(frame):构件容器之一.多用于窗口布局. f = Frame(height=..., width=..., bg=...) Label(f, text=‘hello from frame’) • 顶层(top-level)窗口:类似Frame,但有窗口特征. t = Toplevel() Label(t, text=‘hello from Toplevel’) Lu Chaojun, SJTU

  8. 布局管理器 • 布局管理器Packer:默认上向下添加构件. <widget>.pack() print root.pack_slaves() • 布局管理器Place Label(root,text = 'hello Place').place(x=0, y=0, anchor = NW) • 布局管理器grid Label(root,text = 'Hello').grid(row=...,column=...) Lu Chaojun, SJTU

  9. 事件驱动编程

  10. 事件绑定函数 • GUI应用程序一般都有一个事件循环(通过mainloop方法进入). • 事件来源有多种,包括用户的按键和鼠标操作等. • Tkinter提供了强大机制使用户能自己处理事件:对每种构件,可将Python函数或方法绑定到事件上. Lu Chaojun, SJTU

  11. 事件 • 鼠标事件: • <Button-1>, <B1-Motion>, <Enter>, <Leave>,... • 例:event1.py • 键盘事件: • <Return>, <F5>, <‘a’>,<‘8’>,... • 总是发送到当前拥有键盘焦点的构件.可用<widget>.focus_set()将焦点移到某个构件 • 例:event2.py Lu Chaojun, SJTU

  12. 键盘事件处理 • 例:event3.py • 查看键盘输入事件并处理之,直至接收到退出事件(即空格键). • 事件处理:显示该键的ASCII码. • Python有一个函数getch()来每次读一个键. • Windows平台,此函数在msvcrt模块中. Lu Chaojun, SJTU

  13. GUI程序的事件处理 • 例:event4.py, event5.py • 创建应用类KeysApp,它在__init__方法中创建GUI,并且将空格键绑定到doQuitEvent方法. • 创建一个应用程序类是OO事件驱动环境中惯常的做法,因为事件送往程序和消息送往对象很相似 Lu Chaojun, SJTU

  14. End 14 Lu Chaojun, SJTU Lu Chaojun, SJTU

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