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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. A. ACIDS. Noun - Acid : A solution formed when ionic compounds containing hydrogen are dissolved in water releasing the hydrogen ions from the compound. Adjective: Acidic EX : fruit juice, stomach acid. A. ACIDS. Table 5.2 Some Common Acids (page 225). A. ACIDS.

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases

  2. A. ACIDS • Noun - Acid: A solution formed when ionic compounds containing hydrogen are dissolved in water releasing the hydrogen ions from the compound. • Adjective:Acidic • EX: fruit juice, stomach acid

  3. A. ACIDS Table 5.2 Some Common Acids (page 225)

  4. A. ACIDS • Formulas for acids • Acid formulas are ioniccompounds with hydrogen(not always) • EX: HCl [ H ]+ + [ Cl ]-

  5. A. ACIDS • Names of Acids • The prefix hydro- is added to the non-oxygen elements name. (but not always) • The suffix -ic is added. (sometimes –ous is used) • The word acid is added after.

  6. A. ACIDS • Examples of Names of Acids.Use table 5.3 and 5.4 to fill in the tables below Table 5.3 Some Non-Oxygen Acids

  7. A. ACIDS Table 5.4 Some Acids Containing Oxygen

  8. B. BASES (also called alkalis) • Noun:Base: A solution formed when ionic compounds continuing a hydroxide ion are dissolved in water releasing the hydroxide ions from the compound.) • Hydroxide: A polyatomic anion, OH 1-. • Adjective:Basic (also ‘alkaline’) • Soap and other cleaning supplies are basic… • Formulas for bases • Bases formulas are ionic compounds with hydroxide.

  9. B. BASES Table 5.5 Some Common Bases

  10. C. PROPERTIES of Acids and Bases • *Aqueous:the state of being dissolved in water. • Aqueous is shown by the subscript (aq) which is written after the formula. EX: HCl (aq) • *Corrosive: A chemical property, that a substance is very reactive and will react with other substances it touches, destroying them.

  11. C. PROPERTIES of Acids and Bases Acids *Sour (ex. Lemons) *Burn skin *Blue litmus paper  red *pH < 7 *Release H+ ions Bases *Bitter (ex. Soda water) *Feels slippery *Red litmus paper  blue *pH > 7 *Releases OH- ions

  12. D. Neutralization Reactions • When acids and bases combine, the hydrogen ions combine with the hydroxide ions to form water . • H+ + OH-  H2O It is impossible to be both acidic and basic! Acidic [ H+ ] [ OH- ] Basic

  13. E. pH Scale: • *pH Scale: The scale designed to measure the concentration of H+ and OH - . • On the pH scale, one unit of change represents 10 times the change in the degree of acidity or basicity. • *Concentration: A measurement of the number of ions in a given volume. The larger the number, the higher the concentration.

  14. E. pH Scale:

  15. Student Exercise • Find the pH Values of the Common Substances you see below. (Hint, use the pH scale above to help you) • Acids <7 • Bases >7 • Water7 • Human Blood 7.3, Human saliva (spit) 7.4 • Soap10 • Oven cleaner 13  why we wear gloves

  16. F. pH Indicators • There are several indicators that can be used to find the pH of a solution. • Question: What is an indicator? • Answer: a chemical detection device that can help us find the number of H+ ions and OH- ions. (ie. The pH!)

  17. F. pH Indicators • Refer to Figure 5.6 above to find the colour of the following indicators. • phenolphthalein indicator when placed in a solution that is pH 8 colourless • bromothymol blue when placed in a solution that is pH 6 yellow . • Indigo carmine when placed in a solution that is pH 13 green .

  18. F. pH Indicators • Fill in the table below: red blue red blue blue red

  19. Practice Questions • Pg. 233 • #’s 1–4, 7,8, 13-15

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