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USE OF THE HF BROADCASTING BANDS A SHORT OVERVIEW EBU TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT

USE OF THE HF BROADCASTING BANDS A SHORT OVERVIEW EBU TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT. TERRY O’LEARY. For associated text, see attached notes. HISTORY CONGESTION HFBC PLANNING PARAMETERS THE THREAT OF PLT DIGITAL FUTURE. HISTORY (1). BEFORE 1979 : 2350 kHz BELOW 10 MHz : 725 kHz

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USE OF THE HF BROADCASTING BANDS A SHORT OVERVIEW EBU TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT

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  1. USE OF THE HF BROADCASTING BANDSA SHORT OVERVIEW EBU TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT TERRY O’LEARY For associated text, see attached notes • HISTORY • CONGESTION • HFBC PLANNING PARAMETERS • THE THREAT OF PLT • DIGITAL FUTURE

  2. HISTORY (1) BEFORE 1979 : 2350 kHz BELOW 10 MHz : 725 kHz WARC–79 : + 780 kHz ( after 1996 ) BELOW 10 MHz : + 125 kHz WARC–92 : + 790 kHz ( after 2007 ) BELOW 10 MHz : + 200 kHz * excluding tropical bands : 2300-2498 MHz 3200-3400 MHz 3950-4000 MHz 4750-4995 MHz 5005-5060 MHz

  3. +150 +70 +125 +125 +200 +150 +100 +120 +50 +50 +100 +100 +100 +200 -70 HISTORY (2) BAND 6 MHz 7 MHz 9 MHz 11 MHz 13 MHz 15 MHz 17 MHz 19 MHz 21 MHz 26 MHz PRE – 79 5950 – 6200 7100 – 7300 9500 – 9775 11700 – 11975 – 15100 – 15450 17700 – 17900 – 21450 – 21750 25600 – 26100 WARC–79 5950 – 6200 7100 – 7300 9500 – 9900 11650 – 12050 13600 – 13800 15100 – 15600 17550 – 17900 – 21450 – 21850 25670 – 26100 WARC–92 5900 – 6200 7100 – 7350 9400 – 9900 11600 – 12100 13570 – 13870 15100 – 15800 17480 – 17900 18900 – 19020 21450 – 21850 25670 – 26100

  4. HISTORY (2´) BAND 6 MHz 7 MHz 9 MHz 11 MHz 13 MHz 15 MHz 17 MHz 19 MHz 21 MHz 26 MHz PRE – 79 5950 – 6200 7100 – 7300 9500 – 9775 11700 – 11975 – 15100 – 15450 17700 – 17900 – 21450 – 21750 25600 – 26100 WARC–79 5950 – 6200 7100 – 7300 9500 – 9900 11650 – 12050 13600 – 13800 15100 – 15600 17550 – 17900 – 21450 – 21850 25670 – 26100 WARC–92 5900 – 6200 7100 – 7350 9400 – 9900 11600 – 12100 13570 – 13870 15100 – 15800 17480 – 17900 18900 – 19020 21450 – 21850 25670 – 26100 BELOW 10 MHz :+ 125 + 200 ABOVE 10 MHz : + 655 + 590

  5. CONGESTION(1) BELOW 10 MHz DAYTIME : SHORT TO MEDIUM DISTANCE (  2000 km ) NIGHTTIME : LONGER DISTANCES LOCAL WINTER : FOR SHORT DISTANCES  6MHz BETTER ( THERE ARE NO BANDS AT PRESENT ) RELIABILITY : RECENT TENDENCY TO USE SHORT DISTANCE, SINGLE HOP  MORE CONGESTION CONGESTION : SOME USE OF WARC-92 BANDS ALLOWED ( RR 4.4 ); THESE BANDS NOW ALSO CONGESTED COORDINATION : IMPROVED SITUATION ( ARTICLE S12 ) NEVERTHELESS CONGESTION

  6. 6, 7 MHz could be used for shorter distances: • poorer quality • reduced reliability • increase congestion • create additional interference CONGESTION(2) CONDITIONS : December SSN = 20 Reliability = 90% MINIMUM HF TRANSMISSION DISTANCES

  7. BAND FREQ CHANS TROP. Tx-hrs/day WARC-77 Tx-hrs/day WARC-92 Tx-hrs/day OOB Tx-hrs/day TOT Tx-hrs/day 4 3900-3950 5 14 101 3950-4000 5 53 110hrs/ch 4000-4050 5 34 6 5700-5900 20 210 3328 105hrs/ch 5900-5950 5 345 5950-6200 25 2747 74hrs/ch 6200-6300 10 26 7 6850-6990 14 10 3065 7100-7300 20 2104 +17.8% +13.8% 7300-7350 5 289 7350-7600 25 662 9 9250-9400 15 209 3857 9400-9500 10 448 9500-9900 40 2970 9900-9990 9 230 TOT 213 53 7821 1082 1395 10351 STATISTICS (1) HFCC USAGE* : WINTER SEASON 2000 * WORLD WIDE EXCEPT CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA AND MOST SOUTHERN AFRICAN COUNTRIES

  8. BAND FREQ CHANS TROP. Tx-hrs/day WARC-77 Tx-hrs/day WARC-92 Tx-hrs/day OOB Tx-hrs/day TOT Tx-hrs/day 4 3900-3950 5 14 101 3950-4000 5 53 (236/2747)25 = 2… 4000-4050 5 34 (672/2104)20 = 6 … 6 5700-5900 20 210 3328 5900-5950 5 345 5950-6200 25 2747 (439/2970)40 = ~6 6200-6300 10 26 7 6850-6990 14 10 3065 7100-7300 20 2104 7300-7350 5 289 7350-7600 25 662 9 9250-9400 15 209 3857 9400-9500 10 448 9500-9900 40 2970 9900-9990 9 230 TOT 213 53 7821 1082 1395 10351 STATISTICS (2) HFCC USAGE* : WINTER SEASON 2000 * WORLD WIDE EXCEPT CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA AND MOST SOUTHERN AFRICAN COUNTRIES

  9. FS Wanted signal S/N = 34 10 dBV/m noise f HFBC PLANNING PARAMETERS • N (noise) : < ~10 dB(V/m) for HF between 1 - 10 MHz • RF S/N ratio : 34 dB • PR : 17 dB (fair) to 27 dB (good)

  10. proposed max.levels Noise levels ~43 THE THREAT OF PLT 34dB

  11. DIGITAL FUTURE (1) WRC-97 : HF DSB to cease by 31 Dec. 2015 - replace by SSB or other spectrum efficient systems (i.e., digital) (Res. 537) - replacement interference not to exceed DSB - Spectrum efficient techniques to be recommended by ITU-R - final date for cessation of DSB to be reviewed by future WRCs

  12. DIGITAL FUTURE (2) • Principles of the DRM Standard: • Single, universal (low cost) receiver • Applicable to HF, MF, LF (i.e. same receiver) • Compatibility with existing situation (analogue, channel spacing, frequency bands, …)

  13. DIGITAL FUTURE (3) • European HF broadcasters intend: • to use the HF bands for the foreseeable future • introduce DRM within the next 5 to 10 years • increase the # of programmes and services • UNLESS … • the spectrum below 30 MHz is turned into  a PLTPARADISE  a BROADCASTINGWASTELAND…

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