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PUSH FOR REFORM: Indonesia

PUSH FOR REFORM: Indonesia. Maria Ulfah Anshor Fatayat Nahdlatul Ulama. Indonesia’s Muslim Women’s Movement. Muslim women in Indonesia have been organizing since 1920s 1940s & 50s: Muslim women spoke out against poligamy & trafficking in women

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PUSH FOR REFORM: Indonesia

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  1. PUSH FOR REFORM:Indonesia Maria Ulfah Anshor Fatayat Nahdlatul Ulama

  2. Indonesia’s Muslim Women’s Movement • Muslim women in Indonesia have been organizing since 1920s • 1940s & 50s: Muslim women spoke out against poligamy & trafficking in women • during post-Soeharto reform, new organizations were set up: • Puan Amal Hayati: support for victims of VAW in pesantren communities • Rahima, Nahdina, Fahmina: critical education on women’s rights within Islam with men & women religious teachers in pesantren communities

  3. Fatayat Nahdlatul Ulama • an independent body under umbrella of Nahdlatul Ulama • born in 24 April 1950 (56 years ago) • membership of 4 million women of 20-45 years of age • exists at national, provincial, district, subdistrict and village levels • raising awareness and fulfillment of women’s rights & building democracy with gender justice

  4. 4 EFFORTS FOR REFORM • Revision of uqud al lujain (classical text) on husband & wife relations (2001-2004) • Formulation of a ‘Counter Legal Draft’ on Islamic Family Law (2003-2004) • Advocacy on Domestic Violence (2004) • Advocacy for fatwa & law on reproductive rights for women (2002-2005)

  5. Revision of Classical Text Uqud al lujain is a gender-biased classical text on rights & responsibilities of husbands & wives which is used by almost all pesantren in Indonesia • PUAN AMAL HAYATI: formulated a new gender-sensitive version & published in Arabic & Indonesian • STATUS: currently being discussed in various pesantren but still considered controversial

  6. Counter Legal Draft The Government’s Compilation of Islamic Law is used by all Religious Courts & Office for Religious Affairs & contains gender-biased views on marriage & inheritance • GENDER MAINSTREAMING WORKING GROUP at Ministry of Religion: formulated a gender-sensitive counter legal draft (example: against poligamy, women marrying without wali, recognition of children out of wedlock) • STATUS: rejected by Minister of Religion but continues to be discussed by Muslim women’s organizations

  7. Domestic Violence The verse in the Qur’an on nusyuz allowing a husband to hit his wife if she does not obey & haditz prohibiting a wife to refuse sex from husband are used to justify domestic violence in Muslim families • PUAN AMAL HAYATI: provides assistance to victims in pesantren community & advocated for Domestic Violence Law with other women’s organizations • STATUS: Domestic Violence Law ratified in 2004

  8. Reproductive Rights Maternal mortality rate in Indonesia highest in ASEAN (307 for every 100.000 life births) partially caused by unsafe abortion • FATAYAT NU: advocated for fatwa allowing for abortion, and for incorporation of safe abortion in amandment of Law on Health • STATUS: In 2005, Indonesian Council of Ulama published a fatwa allowing abortion for women victims of rape and incest before 40 days of pregnancy; debate on amending the Law on Health on-going

  9. CLOSING Muslim women in Indonesia have been struggling to change government policies and reinterpret Islamic laws for more than 80 years We continue this struggle until now, with new challenges, including a new religious extremism that is trying to push back our gains We join our sisters in other Muslim societies in this global struggle for gender justice

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