Introduction to MIS

1. Introduction to MIS Chapter 7 Integration of Information

2. 3 reports sales (printed) data 3 reports sales (printed) data sales data Changes 1970s Sales Terminals Management Central computer: create reports Manager: Integrate, graph analyze weekly reports Sales Terminals Secretary: type & revise 1980s Sales Terminals Management Central computer: create reports Manager: Integrate, graph analyze weekly reports Sales Terminals personal computer 1990s Sales Terminals Management query Personal Computer Weekly reports & ad hoc queries (applications) DBMS: On-line data Sales Terminals data

3. Integration Strategy decisions decisions decisions decisions decisions Tactics Human Resources Marketing Production Accounting Operations Finance data data data data data Company

4. Business Integration Design & Engineering Design feasibility & production costs Designs and Quality Marketing Quality control & Custom orders product planning Manufacturing planning & monitoring planning & monitoring Vendors Customers Distribution Purchasing Demand-pull Mass Customization Quick Response Just-in-Time Administration & Management partnerships & joint development partnerships & joint development HRM Accounting Finance MIS

5. Integrated systems Examples SAP Peoplesoft Lawson J.D. Edwards Basic features included Accounting Purchasing HRM Investment management International environment Multiple currencies Multiple languages Procedures and practices Follows local (national) rules Follows consolidation rules Example U.S. firm with European subsidiaries. Data is entered once European reports are generated for subsidiaries following local rules Results are converted and consolidated to U.S. firm following international and U.S. rules Enterprise Resource Planning

6. Advantages of ERP • Eliminates costly, inflexible legacy systems • Improved technology infrastructure • Improved work processes • Increased data access for decision making • Expense & time • Radical change • Integrating with other systems • One vendor risks Disadvantages of ERP

7. Disadvantages of ERP

8. Design Proposals Message Supplier Contact Database Workgroup Example Consulting HQ California Client HQ Connecticut 3 Cost Analyses Changes & Suggestions Finance & Management Team Cost Analysis Cost targets & comments Costs & Budgets Design Proposals Message Changes & Costs Supplier Contact Database 2 Design Team Singapore Changes & Corrections Design Plans Changes Problems & Suggestions 4 Message Design Project origination 1

9. GDSS • Group Decision Support Systems • Brainstorming • Shared access • Voting • Record of comments • Anonymity? • Drawbacks • Typing • Facilitator • Costs

10. GDSS Room Group decision support systems can be used to coordinate meetings, record notes, take votes, and encourage participation. As shown in this system by Ventana corporation, each participant enters data in a PC, with summary results displayed on the central screen.

11. Static Integration • Copy the objects to the document. • Changes to the original do not affect the copies. Document Container Document Original spreadsheet object Static copy of spreadsheet object Original graph object Static copy of graph object

12. Dynamic Integration • Objects are linked to the document. • Document requests changes and updates copies as needed. Document request changes Container Document Original spreadsheet object Dynamic display of spreadsheet copy send data request changes Original graph object Dynamic display of graph copy send data

13. Advantages Data references are always up-to-date. Computer & document know the source of all components. Updates and changes are automatic, with less user training. Disadvantages Moving a document forces links to be rebuilt or dropped. Cannot make radical changes to underlying components Software upgrade problems. File deletions, moves and major alterations affect other (unknown) users. Data changes can cause reformats that require fine-tuning of layouts. Dynamic Links

14. Network Links Sales Accounting Marketing Integrated Data Marketing Forecast Graph Sales Table Cost of Goods Sold Spreadsheet

15. Share data Support links Data Software availability Joint Authorship Transmit reports Integration over Networks File Server Server Applications Container Document Circulated Report Computer 1 Computer 2

16. Spreadsheet link to DBMS • Request data • Send data • Fill spreadsheet • Data changes • Send new data Spreadsheet (1) Query to request data DBMS (3) Fill spreadsheet (2) Send data data (5) Send new data (4) Data changes

17. Data - Pivot table report. Select data using a database query (Rolling Thunder). Choose data for rows, columns and table computations (row: ModelType, SaleState; column: Month(SaleDate); Table: SalePrice. Create additional groups (Mark quarters, Data - Group and outline - Group. Hide or show detail. Microsoft Pivot Table

18. Tools - Protect the document. Save the file and allow others to make changes. Changes are automatically marked in color for each user. Tools - Unprotect the document. Tools - Track Changes - Accept or Reject Changes. Protected Changes

19. Insert - Comment Insert - Object - Wave Make sure you and your colleagues have a sound card and microphone. Set up and test the multimedia tools. Know what you want to say and keep it short. Video can be used also but you need a camera, video capture card, and editing software. Annotation Recorded (wave) comment Comment

20. Problems with Sharing • Same software • Data conversion tools weak. • Exact layouts require same versions. • Same environment, fonts, devices, drivers • Hardware conversions not exact. • Missing devices might cause crashes. • Need access and network paths. • Transmission time. • Concurrency • Tracking. • Locking. • Replication.