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Abstract : The establishment of North American east coast native Spartina alterniflora (smoothcordgrass) in Willapa Bay, Washington is a specific example of broad-scale invasion following local introduction. In this study, we examined
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Abstract: The establishment of North American east coast native Spartina alterniflora (smoothcordgrass) in Willapa Bay, Washington is a specific example of broad-scale invasion following local introduction. In this study, we examined a 120-y historical record of aerial photographs, oral histories, museum records, and publications to reconstruct the spatial, temporal, and historical elements of this invasion. Civille et al. (2005)