Improving Urban Hygiene and Sanitation in Ethiopia: Challenges and Solutions

1. Urban Hygiene & Sanitation Experiences FederalDemocratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health

2. Outline • Introduction • Back Ground • Best Experiences • Challenges • Lessons Learnt • Recommendations

3. Background The Unforgettable Incidence (Reppi Waste Disposal site, AA)

4. Background Infrastructure (Hard ware) {Gov’t, WB,EU…) Drivers of urbanization • Natural demographic growth of urban populations • Transformation of rural kebeles into small towns (Ru-Urbanization) • Migratory movements from rural areas to towns Critical challenges in urban towns of Ethiopia : • lack of capacity in managing the available resources and • lack of coordination & integration among different WaSH sectors, especially among sanitation service providers in the towns Sustainable WaSH service provision Capacity Building {Gov’t, UNICEF,WAE,JSI …)

5. Progress Strategy & SAP, MoU printed & distributed NEHS prepared and circulated Steering & Technical committee were established for IUSH implementation 63 big; and 124 small & medium towns were implementing the IUSH by gov’t and development partners Different advocacy workshops were conducted on urban WASH WaSH L+M+G document prepared to train program managers at all levels

6. Progress • Programmatic approach that have service delivery, capacity development, influencing, financial support & continuous learning • 124 small and medium towns through OWNP( GoE) that includes: • Hygiene promotion • Construction of communal and public toilets facilities • Construction of Public Latrine: 121 • Construction of Communal Latrine: 55 • Construction of Shower room • Beyond we follows program implementations by partners like • UNICEF & WVE: 9 towns/cities • WAE: 20 towns/cities • JSI : 49 towns/cities • WB: 23 towns/cities (launched with 450 mln USD)

7. Progress Policy Level : Creating an Enabling Environment • Evidences Generated: • Urban sanitation & waste management situational assessment • Public WASH facilities mapping (public latrines, pubic showers, public water points and communal latrines) conducted • Public latrine (new latrines) management situational assessment conducted in Addis Ababa • Situational assessment on PPP conducted and PPP guide with models developed • Higher level Advocacy workshops organized at national, regional and city/town levels

8. Progress Challenges of urban sanitation and hygiene identified mainly as: • Institutional • Capacity • Financial • Technical • Social • Behavior • Social norms and traditions • Indigenous knowledge

9. Progress To address the institutional challenges, we: • Work with implementing partners to develop manuals • WASH platform established in cities/towns and sub cities • Training was provided to the urban WASH actors • Citizen forums established that will help to ensure accountability • WASH LMG training organized in cities/towns • 7,874 UHEPs, supervisors & WASH TWG members got training • E-WASH Training Conducted • Water Quality Test kits provided • Technical support provided to HEH TWGs

10. Progress Financial support was provided from Gov’t and development partners • 124 medium and small towns from OWNP (GoE) and running cost for all towns/cities • Urban WaSH, • Institutional WaSH and • Program management and capacity building. • WB for 23 towns, UNICEF & WVE for 9 towns , WAE for 20 and JSI for 49 towns/cities to: • Hardware i.e. treatment plants sanitary land fills, and sewer lines • Software i.e. trainings , hygiene and sanitation promotion and demand creation

11. Progress Public forums in Debre tabor SFDInitiativesforUrbanLiquidwasteManagement(Training)

12. Progress Integration of livelihood with sanitation by demonstrating integrated WASH centers

13. Progress CommunityInvolvementinUrbanSolidWasteManagement(Ambo) wateraid.org inEthiopia

14. Progress CommunityInvolvementinUrbanSolidWasteManagement(Ambo) inEthiopia wateraid.org

15. Progress MSEsInvolvementinUrbanSolidWasteManagement(FinpteSelam)

16. Progress FinancingMechanism(FinoteSelamTown)

17. Progress SanitaryLandfill(Adigrat) inEthiopia

18. Progress Public Latrine - Maye kenetal (Tigray) Communal Latrine in Dire Dawa Public latrine at Itang Town- Gambella

19. Progress Demand creation and SBCC • SBCC/BCC campaigns were done • Public mass awareness creation conducted using: • Serial Radio Drama: 26 Episodes • Radio Magazine: 5 Episodes • House to house hygiene and sanitation promoted using UHEPs • Different hygiene and sanitation materials provided for health centers • Job Aid developed and distributed to all UHEPs

20. Progress IEC/BCC martials

21. Progress We are trying to utilize Indigenous knowledge of the community for production of hygiene, sanitation and household materials

22. Key Challenges • Lackofpriority • coordinationatalllevel and • Inadequateservicecoverageandoperationalinefficiencies, • Limitedwastereuse/recyclingactivities, • Lackofproperdisposalsite • Improperhazardouswaste managementofandhealthcare • Lackofprofessionalandskilledman power • LackofPPP • Overlap of activities

23. Lessons Learnt • Changeinwayofthinking:Thingscanbechanged! • Lookingthebigpicture-Vision • Leadershipcommitmentandownershipbringdifference • Learningfromothers(Networkandexperience sharing) • Regularmonitoringandcoachingsupporttomakeonboard • Feedback&rewardusedascatalystforchange • Initiativetoclusterapproach(TigrayRegion)