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EARTH

EARTH. Third Rock From The Sun Pt. II Volcanoes, Earthquakes And How Plates Move. HOW PLATES MOVE.

bruce-marquez
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EARTH

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  1. EARTH Third Rock From The Sun Pt. II Volcanoes, Earthquakes And How Plates Move

  2. HOW PLATES MOVE • There are mountains on the surface of Earth. Mountains are beneath the ocean water, too. There are trenches in the oceans bottoms. Trenches are deep, low areas that are very long. What makes mountains and trenches? Scientists developed a theory that answers this question.

  3. VOCABULARY • Trench- a deep, long, low area of land that resembles a valley. • Evidence- The information and facts you can use to describe something. • Theory- an explanation with evidence to support it. • Plate tectonics- the way Earth’s plates move.

  4. THE THEORY • A theory is an idea that explains how or why something happens. A theory must have evidence to support it. • The theory of plate tectonics explains how mountains and trenches are made. • It states that the plates on Earth do not stay in one place. Heat in the mantle causes the plates to move.

  5. EVIDENCE FOR THE THEORY • When two plates bump together, Earth’s surface wrinkles. This makes mountains. The Himalayan mountains north of India are evidence that two continental plates bumped together.

  6. EVIDENCE FOR THE THEORY • Sometimes an ocean plate bumps into a continental plate. The ocean plate is pulled under the continental plate. A trench forms when the ocean plate is pulled down. The trench is evidence that one plate is going under another plate. Mountains may form on the continental plate when this happens.

  7. VOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES • Volcanoes and earthquakes are caused by changes inside Earth. Some places have a lot of earthquakes and volcanoes. These places are on the edge of plates.

  8. VOLCANOES • A volcano forms above cracks in Earth’s surface. • Heat below Earth’s surface melts rock. • Magma is melted rock (molten rock) that is found deep in Earth.

  9. VOLCANOES • Magma rises toward the surface. • When magma spills onto the surface of Earth, it is called lava. • Lava cools as it moves away from the volcano. • Cooled lava turns into hard rock.

  10. VOLCANIC ROCK

  11. EARTHQUAKES • An earthquake is a sudden release of energy caused by moving rock. • Many earthquakes happen where two plates scrape against each other. • The movement makes energy build up until the rock breaks. • A crack where rock breaks and moves is called a fault.

  12. EARTHQUAKES • The ground shakes in an earthquake. After a big earthquake, the ground may shake for weeks. • Each shake, or tremor, gets a little weaker. • When rock along the fault completely settles into its new position, the shaking stops.

  13. SUMMARY • Earth has 3 layers. The heat inside Earth makes rock move. Moving rock near Earth’s surface makes plates moves. When plates move, mountains, trenches, earthquakes, and volcanoes can form.

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