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Database Management Systems: Data Mining

Database Management Systems: Data Mining. Market Baskets Association Rules. Association/Market Basket. Examples What items are customers likely to buy together? What Web pages are closely related? Others? Classic (early) example:

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Database Management Systems: Data Mining

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  1. Database Management Systems:Data Mining Market Baskets Association Rules

  2. Association/Market Basket • Examples • What items are customers likely to buy together? • What Web pages are closely related? • Others? • Classic (early) example: • Analysis of convenience store data showed customers often buy diapers and beer together. • Importance: Consider putting the two together to increase cross-selling.

  3. Association Challenges • If an item is rarely purchased, any other item bought with it seems important. So combine items into categories. • Some relationships are obvious. • Burger and fries. • Some relationships are meaningless. • Hardware store found that toilet rings sell well only when a new store first opens. But what does it mean?

  4. Association Measure: Confidence • Does A  B? • If a customer purchases A, will they purchase B?

  5. Association Measure: Support • Does the existing data support the rule? • What percentage of baskets contain both A and B?

  6. Association Measure: Lift • How does the association rule compare to the null hypothesis (the A item exists without the B item)? • What is the likelihood of finding the second item (B) in any random basket?

  7. Association Details (two items) • Rule evaluation (A implies B) • Support for the rule is measured by the percentage of all transactions containing both items: P(A ∩ B) • Confidence of the rule is measured by the transactions with A that also contain B: P(B | A) • Lift is the potential gain attributed to the rule—the effect compared to other baskets without the effect. If it is greater than 1, the effect is positive: • P(A ∩ B) / ( P(A) P(B) ) • P(B|A)/P(B) • Example: Diapers implies Beer • Support: P(D ∩ B) = .6 P(D) = .7 P(B) = .5 • Confidence: P(B|D) = .857 = P(D ∩ B)/P(D) = .6/.7 • Lift: P(B|D) / P(B) = 1.714 = .857 / .5

  8. Example (Marakas) Transaction data 1. Frozen pizza, cola, milk 2. Milk, potato chips 3. Cola, frozen pizza 4. Milk, pretzels 5. Cola, pretzels

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