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Climate

Climate. Soil Temperature & Moisture. Cold or Wet Soils. Warm Soils. Slow Decomposition. Fast Decomposition. High nutrients content in soil. Low nutrients content in soil. Climate. Cryic. Frigid. Mesic. Relief. FEET. % Slope = Δ elevation ✕ 100

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Climate

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  1. Climate Soil Temperature & Moisture Cold or Wet Soils Warm Soils Slow Decomposition Fast Decomposition High nutrients content in soil Low nutrients content in soil

  2. Climate Cryic Frigid Mesic

  3. Relief FEET % Slope = Δ elevation ✕ 100 Δ lateral distance 3500 3000 2500 B 2000 % Slope = 200 ft. ✕ 100 = 2.5% 8000 ft. 1500 A 1000 500 0 0 5000 10000 15000 FEET

  4. FEET 3500 3000 2500 2000 B 1500 1000 A 500 0 0 5000 10000 15000 FEET

  5. Slope • Nearly Level • 0-3% • Gently Sloping • 3-8% • Sloping • 9-15% • Moderately Steep • 16-35% • Steep • > 35%

  6. Runoff & Drainage Drainage & Runoff: Ability for soils to remain dry - Dry soils have good aeration - Well aerated soils are reddish, poorly aerated are greyish Surface Water Ground Water

  7. Runoff & Drainage Seasonal High Water: Location closest to topsoil that has remained saturated without draining (Redoxomorphic and Gleying) Water Holding Capacity: ability of soil to maintain hydration Depends on TEXTURE!! Aeration: capacity of soil to allow gases to move through particles Nutrient Holding Capacity: ability of soil to capture and retain nutrients (Ca2+, NH4+, PO32-)

  8. Water Holding Capacity Infiltration

  9. SoilTexture

  10. Soil Formation DETRITUSDecaying plant matter (continuous deposition) MINERALSWeathered/Leached/parent minerals TOPSOIL DETRITUS FOOD WEBBiological breakdown - Bioturbation - N fixation

  11. Soil Characteristics Soil Profiles (horizons) Aeration Soil Texture pH Soil Classes Nutrient Holding Capacity Salinity Water Holding Capacity

  12. Soil Profiles O Horizon: Humus -surface litter A Horizon: Topsoil - mixed humus E Horizon: Leaching -less humus B Horizon: Subsoil -accumulated leached minerals (ie: Al & Fe) C Horizon: Weathered parent material

  13. Soil Drainage Seasonal High Water: Highest level of standing water (hydrostatic water in equilibrium with soil) observed un freshly dug hole Water pressure hole = water pressure in soil

  14. Redoximorphic Features: Show evidence of high water in soil profile Mottling

  15. Gleying: soils saturated for extended periods of time  anaerobic conditions create grey streaks Gleying

  16. Be careful because water can “Perch” Water “perches” between horizons, not from groundwater  found only at one depth

  17. Soil Drainage Classes- Look at depth of redox/gleying • Poorly Drained Soil • Redox/gelying 0”-20” of soil surface • Moderately Drained Soil • Redox/gelying 20”-40” of soil surface • Well Drained Soil • Redox/gelying beyond 40” of soil surface

  18. Other Drainage Cues… • Vegetation (water-loving pants?) • Rooting Depth (shallow=high water table) • Soil Color (uniform red=well drained, gray=poorly drained) • Landscape position (relief, depressions)

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