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Agenda

Agenda. Bell Ringer Map activity Iran notes Closure. Unit 2: Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies (600 B.C.E. – 600 C.E. ). Essential learning: Iran, the “land of the aryans ”. Objectives.

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Agenda

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  1. Agenda • Bell Ringer • Map activity • Iran notes • Closure

  2. Unit 2: Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies (600 B.C.E. – 600 C.E.)

  3. Essential learning: Iran, the “land of the aryans”

  4. Objectives • Identify how the Achaemenid Persians of western Iran created complex societies in the 7th and 6th centuries B.C.E. • Describe imperial organization under Darius. • Identify the major beliefs and influences of Zoroastrianism and how Darius used the religion to create an ideology justifying the empire.

  5. Essential Questions • What are the key geographic features of Iran? • How did the Achaemenid Persians come to power? • Describe the expansion of the Persian Empire under Cyrus, Cambyses, and Darius. • Describe Darius’ administrative system. • What was Persepolis like? • What were the major beliefs of Zoroastrianism? • How did Darius tie Zoroastrianism to politics?

  6. Where is Iran?

  7. Target: Geography • High mountains at the edges • Inhospitable deserts • Interior settlements • Fewer natural northeastern boundaries = central Asian nomadic invasion • Underground irrigation in first millennium BCE • Mineral resources, wood • Poor farming land = traded minerals and crafted goods

  8. Target: The Rise of the Persian Empire Map 5-1, p. 118

  9. In antiquity, Iranians spread across western and Central Asia. • Medes – first complex level of political organization • Destruction of Assyrian Empire • Persian rulers (Achaemenids) cemented ties through marriage, gained influence

  10. Patriarchal (male dominated) family organization

  11. Persian Cyrus (r. 550-530 BCE) • Son Cambyses (r. 530-522 BCE) • Darius (r. 521-486 BCE) placed Persians in more important posts. • Promoted maritime trade.

  12. Target: Imperial Organization • Darius divided empire into twenty provinceswith satraps (governors) • Well-maintained roads, way stations, military garrisons • Administration based in Susa

  13. Target: Ideology and Religion • Persepolis – ceremonial capital

  14. p. 123

  15. Zoroastrianism • God – Ahuramazda • The Gathas – hymns said to be work of Zoroaster • AngraMainyu – “hostile spirit” • Reverence for the earth • Influenced Judaism and Christianity • All but disappeared • Darius tied religion to politics

  16. Essential Questions • What are the key geographic features of Iran? • How did the Achaemenid Persians come to power? • Describe the expansion of the Persian Empire under Cyrus, Cambyses, and Darius. • Describe Darius’ administrative system. • What was Persepolis like? • What were the major beliefs of Zoroastrianism? • How did Darius tie Zoroastrianism to politics?

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