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IGNEOUS ROCKS

Learn about igneous rocks, which are formed from the crystallization of magma or lava. Discover their location, textures, cooling rates, and composition. Explore different types of textures and the process of crystallization.

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IGNEOUS ROCKS

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  1. IGNEOUS ROCKS “Hot Stuff”

  2. IgneousSedimentaryMetamorphic

  3. Igneous Rocks: (def) rocks that are formed from the crystallization of magma or lava.

  4. Magma: molten rock beneath the earth’s surfaceLava: molten rock on the earth’s surface

  5. I. Location of igneous rocks Compose 95% of earth’s crust.

  6. II. Texture and Cooling Rates A. Texture (?):

  7. II. Texture and Cooling Rates A. Texture (?): refers to the SIZE of the individual minerals.

  8. II. Texture and Cooling Rates • Texture (?): refers to the SIZE of the individual minerals. • Cooling rates: Inside vs. on the surface

  9. II. Texture and Cooling Rates • Texture (?): refers to the SIZE of the individual minerals. • Cooling rates: Inside vs. on the surface C. Extrusive (Volcanic) Rocks: cool rapidly at the surface.

  10. II. Texture and Cooling Rates • Texture (?): refers to the SIZE of the individual minerals. • Cooling rates: Inside vs. on the surface C. Extrusive (Volcanic) Rocks: cool rapidly at the surface. D. Intrusive (Plutonic) Rocks: cool slowly inside the earth.

  11. III. Types of Textures

  12. III. Types of Textures • Phaneritic “coarse-grained”

  13. III. Types of Textures • Phaneritic “coarse-grained” B. Aphanitic “fine grained”

  14. III. Types of Textures • Phaneritic “coarse-grained” B. Aphanitic “fine grained” AT WHAT RATE DID THEY COOL?

  15. III. Types of Textures • Phaneritic “coarse-grained” B. Aphanitic “fine grained” C. Porphyritic “coarse and fine” Phenocrysts and matrix

  16. III. Types of Textures Matrix C. Porphyritic “coarse and fine” Phenocrysts

  17. III. Types of Textures D. Others (pyroclastic, glassy, cellular)

  18. IV. Composition A. “New” Magma

  19. IV. Composition • “New” Magma * most originate as basaltic in composition

  20. IV. Composition • “New” Magma * most originate as basaltic * rich in elements Fe, Ca, Mg

  21. IV. Composition • “New” Magma * most originate as basaltic * rich in elements Fe, Ca, Mg * as magma cooling occurs, minerals containing these elements are formed.

  22. IV. Composition • “New” Magma * most originate as basaltic * rich in elements Fe, Ca, Mg * as magma cooling occurs, minerals containing these elements are formed. * remaining magma is granitic, rich in elements Si, Al, K

  23. IV. Composition • “New” Magma * most originate as basaltic * rich in elements Fe, Ca, Mg * as magma cooling occurs, minerals containing these elements are formed. * remaining magma is granitic, rich in elements Si, Al, K * Temperatures: --Basalt Magmas: HOT 1100 C --Granitic Magmas: (COOLER) 800 C

  24. IV. Composition B. Process of Crystallization N. L. Bowen (1937) “Bowen’s Reaction Series”

  25. Olivine Ca Plag. Feldspar

  26. Ca-Na Feldspar Pyroxene Ca Plag. Feldspar Olivine

  27. Na-Ca Feldspar Amphibole Ca-Na Feldspar Pyroxene Ca Plag. Feldspar Olivine

  28. Biotite Na Plag. Feldspar Amphibole Na-Ca Feldspar Ca-Na Feldspar Pyroxene Ca Plag. Feldspar Olivine

  29. Orthoclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plag. Feldspar Amphibole Na-Ca Feldspar Ca-Na Feldspar Pyroxene Ca Plag. Feldspar Olivine

  30. Muscovite Orthoclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plag. Feldspar Amphibole Na-Ca Feldspar Ca-Na Feldspar Pyroxene Ca Plag. Feldspar Olivine

  31. Quartz Muscovite Orthoclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plag. Feldspar Amphibole Na-Ca Feldspar Ca-Na Feldspar Pyroxene Ca Plag. Feldspar Olivine

  32. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C)

  33. Olivine High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C)

  34. Olivine Ca Plagioclase Feldspar High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C)

  35. High Temp (1300 C) Olivine Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Pyroxene Ca-Na Plagioclase Feldspar Low Temp (600 C)

  36. High Temp (1300 C) Olivine Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Pyroxene Ca-Na Plagioclase Feldspar Amphibole Na-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Low Temp (600 C)

  37. High Temp (1300 C) Olivine Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Pyroxene Ca-Na Plagioclase Feldspar Amphibole Na-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Low Temp (600 C)

  38. High Temp (1300 C) Olivine Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Pyroxene Ca-Na Plagioclase Feldspar Amphibole Na-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Low Temp (600 C)

  39. High Temp (1300 C) Olivine Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Pyroxene Ca-Na Plagioclase Feldspar Amphibole Na-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Low Temp (600 C)

  40. High Temp (1300 C) Olivine Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Pyroxene Ca-Na Plagioclase Feldspar Amphibole Na-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Low Temp (600 C) Quartz

  41. High Temp (1300 C) Olivine Ca Plagioclase Feldspar DARK Pyroxene Ca-Na Plagioclase Feldspar Amphibole Na-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Low Temp (600 C) Quartz

  42. High Temp (1300 C) Olivine Ca Plagioclase Feldspar DARK Pyroxene Ca-Na Plagioclase Feldspar Amphibole Na-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar LIGHT Muscovite Low Temp (600 C) Quartz

  43. High Temp (1300 C) Olivine Ca Plagioclase Feldspar DARK Pyroxene Ca-Na Plagioclase Feldspar Amphibole Na-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar INTERM Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar LIGHT Muscovite Low Temp (600 C) Quartz

  44. High Temp (1300 C) Olivine Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Pyroxene Ca-Na Plagioclase Feldspar Amphibole Na-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar LIGHT Muscovite Low Temp (600 C) Quartz

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