The Reading Center: Diagnostic & Educational Services for Language Learning Disabilities

1. Minnesota Senate K-12 Education Committee January 28, 2019 Marcia Kierland Henry, PhD PhD in Educational Psychology, Stanford University Professor Emerita, San Jose State University Fulbright Lecturer/Research Scholar, University of Trondheim, Norway President, The International Dyslexia Association (1992-1996) Consultant to Organizations and State Departments of Education, 1996-Present The Reading Center Board of Directors, 2015-Present

2. The Reading Center is a nationally recognized nonprofit serving MinnesotaMission(1) Provide diagnostic and educational services(2) Train educators in the proven research-based technique, the Orton-Gillingham approach(3) Increase public awareness and understanding of language learning disabilitiesDuring our 68 years of service, 2,500 adults have been trained and 10,000 children have learned to read using the research-based, multi-sensory, phonetic approach that is the hallmark of The Reading Center’s team of specially trained tutors.

3. What has Changed in the Past 60 Years? In 1959: Little differentiated instruction: “One size fits all.” Only extremely disabled received special help, often in separate institutions. Those who couldn’t learn to read were often considered “slow,”“lazy,”“unmotivated.” In 1975 PL 94-142, The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was inacted by the U.S. Congress. Brought equal access to education, IEPs, procedures to dispute educational decisions, & placement in the least restrictive environment. The National Reading Panel (NRP) issued its report on evidenced-based reading research in April, 2000. 20 Years later, many teachers are unaware of these recommendations.

4. In 1997, Congress convened the National Reading Panel to assess the effectiveness of different approaches used to teach children to read. The panel was made up of 14 people, including leading scientists in reading research, college representatives, teachers, educational administrators, and parents.Specifically, Congress asked the panel to:• Review all the research available (more than 100,000 reading studies) on how children learn to read.• Determine the most effective evidence-based methods for teaching children to read.• Describe which methods of reading instruction are ready for use in the classroom and recommend ways of getting this information into schools.• Suggest a plan for additional research in reading development and instruction.

5. Panel FindingsThe National Reading Panel's released its final report in April 2000 and analysis made it clear that the best approach to reading instruction is one that incorporates:Explicit instruction in phonemic awarenessSystematic phonics instructionMethods to improve fluencyWays to enhance comprehension, including teaching new vocabulary words  

6. Scarborough’s Reading Rope (https://dyslexiaida.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/readingrope-2010.jpg) Scarborough, H.S.(2001). Connecting early language and literacy to later reading (dis)abilities: Evidence, theory, and practice. In S. Neuman & D. Dickinson (Eds.) Handbook for research in early literacy (pp. 97-110. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

7. “In international comparison, U.S. children do not on average perform badly in the early years; if international comparisons are taken as our guide, the reading crisis is one of adolescent literacy, not one of first- to fourth-grade literacy.” McCardle, P., & Chabbra, V. (2004). The Voice of Evidence in Reading Research, pp xix-xx. Baltimore: Brookes Publishing.

8. Why Do We Need to Learn Latin & Greek Morphemes? Consider Our Literature and Content Area Textbooks

9. Call of the Wild by Jack London (pp. 52 & 53) malingerer suffering jarring terribly tiredness excessive recovery prolonged drainage successively relatively arrived recuperation apparently vigorously fiercely encouraged confidently deserved interval proportions official worthless drooping Addressed reserve lightish-colored

10. Selected Words from Social Studies Texts, Grades 4-6 • discovery, explorer, navigation, exploration, celebration, exchange, governor, pilgrimage, colonist, constitution, declaration, independence, indentured, oppression, proclamation, representation, revolution, taxation, secession, abolitionist, assassination, autonomy, reconstruction, expansion, anthropology, hemisphere, interdependence, immigration, presidential, proletariat, democracy, emigration, hierarchy, dictatorship, centennial, legislative, judicial, bicentennial, argumentative

11. Selected Words from Math Texts, Grades 4-6 • addend, addition, calculation, calculator, decimal, denominator, dividend, division, multiplication, numerator, reciprocal, percentage, subtraction, geometry, nonagonal, protractor, hemisphere, circumference, congruent, diagonal, diameter, dimension, heptagon, hexagon, horizontal, intersection, isosceles, octagon, octagonal, opposite, parallelogram, pentagonal, pentomino, perimeter, polygon, rectangular, symmetry, trapezoid, millimeter, centimeter, triangle, decimeter, kilometer, milliliter, kilogram

12. Selected Words from Science Texts, Grades 4-6 • brontosaurus, Cenozoic, dinosaurs, extinction, stegosaurus, trilobite, astronomy, atmosphere, environment, igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary, telescope, chlorophyll, amphibious, deciduous, microorganism, photosynthesis, zoology, spontaneous, aluminum, thermometer, ultraviolet, transparent, galvanometer, electromagnet, microwave, technology, physiology

13. Letter-Sound Correspondences Syllable Patterns Morpheme Patterns Anglo- Saxon Anglo- Saxon Latin Latin Greek Greek Framework for Decoding/Spelling Curriculum and Instruction M. Henry, 1987, 2003, 2010

14. Word Origin and Word Structure Matrix: Framework for Decoding/Spelling Curriculum and Instruction Letter- sound Correspondences Syllable Patterns Morpheme Patterns Consonants bid, step, that Vowels mad/made, barn, boat Closed: bat C-le: tumble Open: baby r-controlled: VCE: madebarn Vowel team: boat Compounds: hardware, shipyard Affixes: read, rereading, misread Anglo- Saxon Same as Anglo Saxon, but few vowel digraphs. Schwa: excellent Affixes: construction erupting conductor Closed: spect VCE: scribe r-controlled: port, form Latin <ph> for /f/ phonograph <ch> for /k/ <y> for /ĭ/ chorus dyslexia <pn>, <mn>, <pt>, <rh> Closed: graph Open: photo Unstable digraph: create Compounds: microscope chloroplast physiology Greek M. Henry, 1987, 2003, 2010

15. Contact Information Marcia Kierland Henry, PhD 1900 Ballington Blvd NW, #461 Rochester, MN 55901 (507) 322-5998 Marciakhenry@gmail.com