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IB Biology

IB Biology. Chris McDermut. • 4.1.1 Define ecology, ecosystem, population, community, species, habitat (1092-1094) Ecology: The study of relationships between organisms and their environment Ecosystem: A community and its abiotic environment

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IB Biology

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  1. IB Biology Chris McDermut

  2. •4.1.1 Define ecology, ecosystem, population, community, species, habitat (1092-1094) Ecology: The study of relationships between organisms and their environment Ecosystem: A community and its abiotic environment Population: A group of organisms of the same species who live in the same area at the same time Community: A group of populations living and interacting with each other in an area Species: A group of organisms which can interbreed and produce fertile offspring Habitat: The environment in which a species normally lives of the location of a living organism •4.1.2 Explain how the biosphere consists of interdependent and interrelated ecosystems (1092-1094) -The biosphere consists of interdependent and interrelated ecosystems: rainforests, rivers, oceans, creeks, deserts, etc. •4.1.3 Define autotrophs (producers), heterotrophs (consumers), detrivore, and saprotrophs (decomposers) (176-177, 1198-1199) -Autotroph:An organism that makes its own food -Heterotroph: An organism that obtains its food from another organism -Detrivore: and organism that feeds on dead organic matter by ingesting it -Saprotroph: an organism that feeds on dead organic matter by secreting digestive enzymes into it and feeds on the products •4.1.4 Describe what is meant by a food chain, give three examples (1181) -a food chain is the interrelation of individuals to each other -ex1: phytoplankton, zooplankton, minnow, needle fish, osprey -ex2: grass, mouse, cobra, mongoose -ex3: grass, rabbit, fox, bear •4.1.5 Describe what is meant by a foodweb (1182) -A diagram that shows all the feeding relationships in a community 4.1.1-4.1.5 Communities and Ecosystems

  3. 4.1.1-4.1.5 Communities and Ecosystems Visuals

  4. 4.1.6-4.1.12 Communities and Ecosystems •4.1.6 Define trophic level (1181) -trophic level: position in the food chain •4.1.7 Define the tropihc level of organisms in a food chain and a food web (1181) -Producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, quarternary consumer •4.1.8 Construct a food web with at least ten organisms (1182) -see images on next slide •4.1.9 State that light is the initial energy source for all most all living things (1199) -light provides the energy source for autotrophs (producers), which provides the energy for all following consumers •4.1.10 Explain the energy flow in a food chain (1181, 1199) -light captured by plants in converted into chemical energy -energy in plant tissues is passed to the next trophic level for cell respiration -organic matter containing stored energy can be eaten by a second consumer • 4.1.11 State that when energy transformations takes place, including those in living organisms, the process is never 100% efficient, usually 10-20% (1206-1207) -The energy transformation process is never 100% efficient •4.1.12 Explain what is meant by the pyramid of energy and the reasons for its shape (1206-1207) -a pyramid of energy shows the flow of energy from one trophic level to the next in a community. The units of a pyramid of energy are energy per unit and per unit time. -the pyramid becomes smaller as it gets taller because not all energy is being transferred -some organisms die before an organism in the next level eats them -some parts of organisms such as bones or hair are not eaten -some parts of the organism are indegestible and pass out as feces -much energy is absorbed by an organism in cell respiration. The energy is then used in energy transformations within the body, with also lose energy because they are not 100% efficient.

  5. 4.1.6-4.1.12 Communities and Ecosystems Visuals

  6. 4.1.13-4.1.15 Communities and Ecosystems •4.1.12 Explain that energy can enter and leave ad ecosystem, but nutrients must be recycled (1208-1214) -nutrients are recycled by saprotrophs and detrivores •4.1.14 Draw the carbon cycle to show the processes involved (1211) -see images on next slide •4.1.15 Explain the role of saprotrophic bacteria and fungi in recycling nutrients (1208-1214) -their enzymes break up complex compounds and free nutrients

  7. 4.1.13-4.1.15 Communities and Ecosystems Visuals

  8. Vocabulary • -ecology • -ecosytem-interdependent and interrelated • -population • -community • -biosphere • -species • -habitat • -autotroph • -heterotroph • -detrivore • Saprotroph • -food chain • -trophic level • -pyramid of energy • -carbon cycle

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