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TCP/IP and Networking Fundamentals

TCP/IP and Networking Fundamentals. Contents. What is a Protocol? • What is TCP/IP? • Configuring an IP Address • IP Address Planning • Binary Numbers • Internetworking • Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR) • Fundamentals of IPv6. IP Address Planning. Contents.

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TCP/IP and Networking Fundamentals

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  1. TCP/IP and NetworkingFundamentals Hamidreza Talebi- TCP/IP

  2. Contents • What is a Protocol? • What is TCP/IP? • Configuring an IP Address • IP Address Planning • Binary Numbers • Internetworking • Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR) • Fundamentals of IPv6 Hamidreza Talebi- TCP/IP

  3. IP Address Planning Hamidreza Talebi- TCP/IP

  4. Contents • How to Plan an IP Addressing Scheme • Rules for IP Addressing • What is Classful IP Addressing? • Private vs. Public IP Addressing • What is Network Address Translation (NAT)? Hamidreza Talebi- TCP/IP

  5. How to Plan an IP Addressing Scheme • How many IP Addresses do you need today? • How many IP Addresses will you need in the future? • Are you dealing with a pre-existing IP scheme? Hamidreza Talebi- TCP/IP

  6. Rules for IP Addressing • Each of the 4 numbers in an IP Address is called an octet (8 bits). – 192.168.10.101 • A bit is a 1 or a 0. • Each octet can only have a number from 0 to 255 – 00000000 = 0 – 11111111 = 255 Hamidreza Talebi- TCP/IP

  7. Rules for IP Addressing • The first octet cannot be 127. • The 127 range has been reserved for diagnostics. • 127.0.0.1 is known as the loopback address. (It is sometimes also referred to as localhost.) Hamidreza Talebi- TCP/IP

  8. Rules for IP Addressing • The Host ID cannot be all 0’s or all 255’s. – All 0’s represents the Network ID – All 255’s is the broadcast address • Example: – 192.168.10.0 is a Network ID – 192.168.10.255 is the broadcast address for the 192.168.10.0 network. Hamidreza Talebi- TCP/IP

  9. What is Classful IP Addressing? Originally IP Addresses where divided into different “class” ranges: – A Class: 1-126255.0.0.0 – B Class: 128 – 191 255.255.0.0 – C Class: 192 – 223 255.255.255.0 – D Class: 224 – 239 Multicast – E Class: 240 – 243 Experimental Hamidreza Talebi- TCP/IP

  10. What is Classful IP Addressing? • A Class – 126 Networks, 16,777,214 Hosts • B Class – 16,384 Networks, 65,534 Hosts • C Class – 2,097,152 Networks, 254 Hosts • Total of 3,720,314,628 host addresses available Hamidreza Talebi- TCP/IP

  11. Private vs. Public IP Addressing • Private IP ranges which have been reservedfrom Public Internet use: – 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 – 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 – 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 – 169.254.0.0 – 169.254.255.255(when you can’t get IP from DHCP) Hamidreza Talebi- TCP/IP

  12. Private vs. Public IP Addressing • Hosts assigned private IP Addresses can get to the Internet through a technology called Network Address Translation (NAT) • Most of today’s companies use private IP Addresses on their private networks. HamidrezaTalebi- TCP/IP

  13. Hamidreza Talebi- TCP/IP

  14. Summary • How to plan an IP Addressing scheme • Basic rules for IP Addressing • Classful IP Addressing • When to use Private vs. Public IP Addresses • Network Address Translation (NAT) Hamidreza Talebi- TCP/IP

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