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Culture of Risk: Influence on Traumatic Brain Injuries

Culture of Risk: Influence on Traumatic Brain Injuries. Paul Bruning, MA ATC Clinic Manager Woodlake, Spinecare , and OrthoQuick. Objectives. Review concussion definition and rates Understand CDC “Heads Up” program Understand the Culture of Risk and influence on concussion factors

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Culture of Risk: Influence on Traumatic Brain Injuries

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  1. Culture of Risk: Influence on Traumatic Brain Injuries Paul Bruning, MA ATC Clinic Manager Woodlake, Spinecare, and OrthoQuick

  2. Objectives • Review concussion definition and rates • Understand CDC “Heads Up” program • Understand the Culture of Risk and influence on concussion factors • The general problem occurs as the culture of risk decreases the understanding of the consequences of concussion and encourages concealing s/s of concussion.

  3. Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion • Definition of concussion remains debated • End of the 1990’s; >20 scales existed for grading concussion and determining return to play • Large number of those with Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) do not seek care Sojka, 2011

  4. Rate of Concussion • World Health Organization - >600 per 100,000 annually. (Sojka, 2011) • Center for Disease Control and Prevention US ED’s treat >135,000 sports and recreation-related TBI’s annually. (Sarmiento, Mitchko, Klein, & Wong, 2010). • 7.3 million high school athletes, estimated 1.6 – 3.8 million sport related concussions. (Frommer et al., 2011).

  5. CDC – “Heads Up” • 2005 CDC Initiated “Heads Up: Concussion in High School Sports” • Tool kit of educational materials • Sarmiento et al. (2010) barriers to management of concussions • June 2011, Minnesota passed concussion law requiring coach and participant concussion education

  6. “Culture of Risk” • Expressed by Nixon (1993) to describe public culture of risk, pain, and injury in sport • Athletic participation culture exalts • Pain • Injuries • Playing hurt

  7. “Culture of Risk” • Can foster • Guilt • Shame • Uncertainty • Job insecurity • Frustration if complain of pain or injury • Depression Nixon, 1993

  8. Who is responsible for culture of risk? • Parents • Coaches • Media • Athletes

  9. Risks • Adults determine potential for young athletes • Parental hopes for professional careers or scholarships • Commercial Bergeron, 2010

  10. Risks • Coaches contribute to normalization of pain and injuries for athletes • Support sacrifice and striving for greatness • Encourage rejecting limits and pushing to edge • Espouse playing hurt and risk taking Nixon, 1994

  11. Risks • Media • Kerri Strug • Curt Schilling • Brett Favre

  12. Question • Who was on the 1996 Olympic Gold Medal Team with Kerri Strug? • Shawn Johnson • Amanda Borden • Sabrina Vega • Dominique Moceanu

  13. Risks • Athletes themselves • Sense of invulnerability • Feeling of letting the team down • Do not want to be branded “wimp” • "I'm lucky to even be alive," Saum said. "I almost died for my team and honestly, now that I think about it, even if I went back and I had to make the same decision again, I would still have a hard time not playing and disappointing the team."

  14. Summary • No accurate assessment of true prevalence • Just beginning to develop evidence-based diagnostic and treatment for concussion • Multiple complicating factors • Need for continued research and education

  15. References • Bergeron, M. (2010). The young athlete: Challenges of growth, development, and society. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 9(6), 356-358. • Frommer, L., Gurka, K., Cross, K., Ingersoll, C., Comstock, D. et al. (2011). Sex differences in concussion symptoms of high school athletes. Journal of Athletic Training, 46(1), 76-84. • Nixon, H. (1993). Accepting the risks and pain of injury in sport: Mediated cultural influences on playing hurt. Sociology of Sport Journal, 10, 183-196. • Nixon, H. (1994). Coaches views of risk, pain, and injury in sport with special reference to gender differences. Sociology of Sport Journal, 11, 79-87.

  16. References • Sojka, P. (2011). Sport and non-sport concussions. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 183(8). 887-888. • Sarmiento, K., Mitchko, J., Klein, C., & Wong, S. (2010). Evaluation of the Centers for Disease Control and prevention’s concussion initiative for high school coaches “head’s up: concussion in high school sports”. Journal of School Health, 80(3). 112-118.

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