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指導教授 ：陳茂生 教授 報告學生 ： 李孟樺 d927808

IEEM 7103 Topics in Operations Research Product planning in quality function deployment using analytic network process. 指導教授 ：陳茂生 教授 報告學生 ： 李孟樺 d927808. Reference.

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指導教授 ：陳茂生 教授 報告學生 ： 李孟樺 d927808

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  1. IEEM 7103 Topics in Operations ResearchProduct planning in quality function deployment using analytic network process 指導教授：陳茂生 教授 報告學生：李孟樺 d927808

  2. Reference • Karsak, E.E., Sozer, S., Alpteki, S.E., 2002. Product planning in quality function deployment using a combined analytic network process and goal programming approach. Computers & Industrial Engineering 44, 171–190. • Chan L. K., Wu M. L., 2002 Quality function deployment: A literature review European Journal of Operational Research. Vol. 143, 463-497. • Kahraman, C., Ertay T., Buyukozkan, G., 2004. A fuzzy optimization model for QFD planning process using analytic network approach. European Journal of Operational Research. ARTICLE IN PRESS. • Buyukozkan, G., Ertay T., Kahraman, C., Ruan, D., 2004. Determining the Importance Weights for the Design Requirements in the House of Quality Using the Fuzzy Analytic Network Approach. International Journal of Intelligent Systems, Vol. 19, 443–461. • Partovi, F.Y., Corredoira, R.A., 2002. Quality function deployment for the good of soccer. European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.137 (3), 642–656. • Kwong CK, Bai H., 2003.Determining the importance weights for the customer requirements in QFD using a fuzzy AHP with an extent analysis approach. IIE Transactions. Vol 35, 619–626. • Chuang, P.T.,2001. Combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Quality Function Deployment for a Location Decision from a Requirement Perspective. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 18, 842 – 849. • Akao, Y. and Mazur, G. H., 2003, The leading edge in QFD: past, present and future, International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 20-35.

  3. Agenda • Introduction • House of Quality • ANP in QFD • Example • Conclusion • Questions

  4. Introduction • 品質機能展開(Quality Function Deployment, QFD)是由赤尾洋二(Yoji Akao)與水野滋(Shigeru Mizuno)共同提出著名的品管理論。 • 品質機能展開(QFD)是一個提升顧客滿意度的有效的產品開發工具。 • 品質機能展開(Quality Function Deployment, QFD)是聆聽顧客的聲音，將客戶對產品的需求利用品質屋(House of Quality, HoQ)進行多層次的演繹分析，轉變為產品設計要求、零組件的特性、製程設計要求、生產要求的品質工程管理技術。

  5. A brief review of QFD`s history • 赤尾洋二與水野滋於1972 年，將其所累積的經驗在日本的 Standardization and Quality Control 期刊發表 “Development of New Products and Quality Assurance—A System for Quality Deployment” 一文，而正式的首次使用了「品質展開」這個名稱。 • 赤尾洋二在三菱重工的神戶造船所開始使用House of Quality使其成為品質設計的一個基本工具。 • QFD 對HoQ的定義為「一有系統的展開各產品品質與其對應的流程元素之間的關係之方法；將顧客的需求轉換為替代的特性（品質特性），來確保完成品的設計品質。」

  6. A brief review of QFD`s history • 1978 年，赤尾洋二與水野滋共同編著了 QFD 的日文書，Quality Function Deployment: A Company-wide Quality Approach。 • Glenn Mazur (1994) 翻譯成英文書QFD: The Customer-Driven Approach to Quality Planning and Deployment，變成日後 QFD 的聖經。 • 1983 年，赤尾洋二發表 QFD 的文章於Quality Progress，同時 Cambridge Research 亦邀請赤尾洋二至芝加哥舉行研討會，將 QFD 介紹給美國人。美國三大汽車廠紛紛開始引用，變成後來全世界普遍使用在新產品發展中。

  7. QFD`s future • 產品品質問題，已經「產品」走向「流程 (process)」的趨勢。所以，QFD應該往企業流程品質(Business process quality)方向努力。 • QFD 近幾年被廣泛應用在知識管理的領域中。 • QFD 與管理品質的問題，也是目前QFD領域重要的議題。

  8. Business process quality & QFD • 廣義的 QFD 涵蓋產品品質與業務品質，如圖所示。

  9. The components of House of Quality 獲得顧客需求(CNs)，並分析這些顧客需求的相對重要性。

  10. The components of House of Quality 對於顧客需求，發展出重要的產品技術需求(PTRs)。

  11. The components of House of Quality 決定顧客需求與產品技術需求的相關強度，又稱為關係矩陣。

  12. The components of House of Quality 決定產品技術需求之間的相關強度，又稱為相關矩陣。

  13. The components of House of Quality 計算設計需求的技術重要評比，及評估它們的技術困難性和成本。

  14. The components of House of Quality QFD 規劃過程中，有許多主觀評估，使得資訊不精確。

  15. House of Quality Deployment • Deploying the voice of customers from design through production.

  16. The problem in QFD 鉛筆長度 削筆時間 鉛筆碎屑 六角形 容易擦拭 容易握 不易髒 用的久 不滾動

  17. The problem in QFD • The important problem in traditional QFD is that the choice of scales can dramatically influence the outcome. QFD輸入參數的數值對輸出結果有很大的影響。

  18. Objectives 利用ANP改進傳統QDF的缺點，以協助決定產品的最適工程設計。

  19. House of Quality

  20. House of Quality

  21. AHP可以說是ANP的特例。 • ANP 最大的特色在於釐清「因素之間互相依賴與錯綜複雜的回饋關係」，並定義出因素的真正重要性。 Analytic Network Process in QFD • The ANP procedure generalizes the AHP as a widely used multi criteria decision-making tool by replacing hierarchies with network. (Saaty, 1996) • The ANP can be used as an effective tool in those cases where the interactions among the elements of a system form a network structure. (Saaty, 1996)

  22. Analytic Network Process in QFD • The hierarchical representation of the HOQ model.

  23. Analytic Network Process in QFD • The network representation of the HOQ model.

  24. ANP structure in QFD model • The network representation in QFD model is based on the structure of a hierarchy with inner dependencies within components and no feedback. • The network representation of the HoQ model.

  25. ANP structure in QFD model • The supermatrix representation of the QFD model. • w1 is a vector on the CNs that represents the impact of the goal, namely manufacturing a product that satisfies the customer. • W2 is a matrix that denotes the impact of the CNs on each of the PTRs. • W3 and W4 are the matrices that represent the inner dependence of the CNs and the inner dependence of the PTRs.

  26. Analytic Network Process in QFD • Integrating ANP into modified QFD W4 Using ANP W3 Using ANP W1 W2 W

  27. Example ANP in QFD for a hypothetical writing instrument

  28. ANP in QFD Step 1 W4 Using ANP W3 Using ANP W1 W2 W

  29. ANP in QFD for a hypothetical writing instrument(1) • The CNs and DRs of a hypothetical writing instrument are schematized in Figure. The whole HOQ can be seen as a network system.

  30. ANP in QFD Step 2 W1

  31. ANP in QFD for a hypothetical writing instrument(2) • Assuming that there is no dependence among the CNs, the pairwise comparison of the CNs by using linguistic variables is made with respect to the goal. 0.99

  32. ANP in QFD Step 3 W2

  33. ANP in QFD for a hypothetical writing instrument(3) • By assuming again that there is no dependence among the DRs, they are compared with respect to each CN yielding the column eigenvectors regarding each CN. ALI VSLI SLI WLI EI WMI SMI VSMIAMI

  34. ANP in QFD Step 4 W3 Using ANP

  35. ANP in QFD for a hypothetical writing instrument(4) • The inner dependence among the CNs is determined through analyzing the impact of each CN on other CNs by using pairwise comparisons.

  36. ANP in QFD for a hypothetical writing instrument(4) • The inner dependence among the CNs is determined through analyzing the impact of each CN on other CNs by using pairwise comparisons.

  37. ANP in QFD Step 5 W4 Using ANP

  38. ANP in QFD for a hypothetical writing instrument(5) • Deal with the dependence among the DRs. As previously accomplished for CNs, the inner dependencies are determined and therequired pairwise linguistic comparisons are performed.

  39. ANP in QFD for a hypothetical writing instrument(5) • We deal with the dependence among the DRs. As previously accomplished for CNs, the inner dependencies are determined and therequired pairwise linguistic comparisons are performed.

  40. ANP in QFD Step 6 W3 Using ANP W1

  41. ANP in QFD for a hypothetical writing instrument(6) • We obtain the interdependent priorities of the CNs as 0.99

  42. ANP in QFD Step 7 W4 Using ANP W2

  43. ANP in QFD for a hypothetical writing instrument(7) • The interdependent priorities of the DRs are calculated as follows: 1.01

  44. ANP in QFD for a hypothetical writing instrument(8) • Finally, the overall priorities of the DRs, wANP, reflecting the interrelationships within the HOQ are calculated by as follows:

  45. ANP in QFD for a hypothetical writing instrument(9) • The HOQ obtained using all the data from the previous steps is depicted in Fig.

  46. Formulate and Solve the ZOGP • The general form of the ZOGP model employed in the decision framework is as follows ANP Cost Preference rating of PTR

  47. Formulate and Solve the ZOGP ANP Cost Extendibility Manufacturability

  48. Conclusion • In the HOQ, there exists symmetric or asymmetric relationships between CNs and DRs and also among them. • Determining the relative importance of DRs is a fundamental problem in HOQ applications for product planning. • Uses the analytic network process (ANP), the general form of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), to prioritize DRs by taking into account the degree of the interdependence between the CNs and DRs and the inner dependence among them.

  49. Questions • Is the ANP network right ? • pairwise comparison. • Is the ANP better than AHP？ • Fuzzy set.

  50. 敬請指教 謝謝

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