Dr. Shoab Khan

1. Dr. Shoab Khan Digital Signal Processing Lecture 3 LTI System

2. Applications

3. Convolution in the time domain: y[n] = 2 –3 3 3 –6 0 1 0 0

4. Convolution

5. Useful Summation

6. Convolution

7. Stability

8. Causality

9. Causality & Stability- Example

11. Difference Equation • For all computationally realizable LTI systems, the input and output satisfy a difference equation of the form • This leads to the recurrence formula which can be used to compute the “present” output from the present and M past values of the input and N past values of the output

12. Linear Constant-Coefficient Difference(LCCD) Equations

13. Linear Constant-Coefficient Difference (LCCD) Equations…( Continued)

14. Linear Constant-Coefficient Difference (LCCD) Equations….( Continued)

15. First-Order Example • Consider the difference equation y[n] =ay[n−1] +x[n] We can represent this system by the following block diagram:

16. Exponential Impulse Response • With initial rest conditions, the difference Equation has impulse response y[n] =ay[n−1] +x[n] h[n] =anu[n]

17. Linear Constant-Coefficient Difference (LCCD) Equations….( Continued)

19. Digital Filter Y = FILTER(B,A,X) filters the data in vector X with the filter described by vectors A and B to create the filtered data Y. The filter is a "Direct Form II Transposed" implementation of the standard difference equation: a(1)*y(n) = b(1)*x(n) + b(2)*x(n-1) + ... + b(nb+1)*x(n-nb) - a(2)*y(n-1) - ... - a(na+1)*y(n-na) [Y,Zf] = FILTER(B,A,X,Zi) gives access to initial and final conditions, Zi and Zf, of the delays.

20. LTI summary