Prevention and action Humidification in mining sector V. Pueyo (R Wey Mendes)

1. Prevention and actionHumidification in mining sectorV. Pueyo (R Wey Mendes)

2. Point of view & Summary • Consider prevention as a project, • An opportunity and a way for development of activity. • What about diagnosis(nature, status, backgrounds) ? • How to go to the transformation ? • Reference : research in miningsector(R. Wey Mendes)

3. What about diagnosis -The context • Health and safety problems in the mining companies in Espirito Santo, • Epidemiological studies (dust & pneumoccocioses), • 1978: creation of a regulatory framework (NR22), • To provide humidification throughout the extraction process and the mineral processing, • 1998: 0 dust (working group), • 2007: after repressive interventions, deployment.

4. The standard : characteristics • The standard : a result of epidemiological models (risk factors-diseases, exposure), • Universal and generic dimensions (vs specificities & particular context) • The standard • indicates what is "right." • advances a non-negotiable objective • an ethic of conviction. • ”…/…This is not the efficiency premium that is to say the material triumph of value, but its respect.”(Hottois, 1996)

5. Consequences for action • A standard product • an abstract value, detached from work, • no confrontation with the real, its particularities and its history, • no indication of the means and technical resources to implement, • unthought innovation. • Political imposed and normative action, • So, what about action ? Actors ? Dialogues and objects, and in which perspective ? • A principle is indisputable. • Troisième niveau • Quatrième niveau • Cinquième niveau

6. A diagnosis withouth diagnosis ? • In the field of prevention, standards are essential. • But if diagnosis is • identifying the problem to be treated, • setting visibility, • setting link resources, • the starting point for project and transformation, • then, the standard can’t play this role. • Standards originate within the authority, conventions of coordination and settings, technical standards.

7. How to go to action ? Summary • Introduction of humidification : examine disorders to understand and to act, • Reconstruction and developementunder conditions: workers are not passive, • Systemic appropriation : benefits and conditions.

8. Disorders • The real resists, • Order: an intelligible and coherent relation, satisfying the requirements of the mind, which can be established between the different elements of the system, • Activity is integrative • Disorders: witness of inconsistencies, contradictions and impossibilities. • An example in extraction.

9. Disorders A cap placed at the stem of the jackhammer

10. Disorders Device 2005

11. Disorders worspace Device 2005 mobility co-activity

12. Disorders worspace Device 2005 mobility co-activity synchronization

13. Disorders worspace performance (time) Device 2005 mobility loss of material co-activity synchronization fatigue

14. Disorders worspace performance (time) Device 2005 mobility loss of material co-activity synchronization fatigue quality & safety

15. Disorders access New device 2007 effort balance space in change

16. Disorders access others New device 2007 effort balance space in change

17. Disorders access others New device 2007 effort loss of material balance loss of time space in change reorganization of time

18. Beyond disorders, possible development • An opportunity to capture what employees tried to put in place to produce, and better, to do it efficiently. • Appropriation to " describe the dynamics in the encounter between the standardized, which is already crystallized in a device or in a new process, and the content and form of action at work, designed to account for the joint development of the device and its use ”(Beguin , 2004)

19. Appropriation • A technique to be accepted in a new host site must find anchor points in a cultural, cognitive, or social environment, pre- existing, and which can be set in motion by the technical object, • Appropriation covers several possible aspects : the development of ways of doing and thinking & the evolution and differentiation of the artifact introduced, • On the long term, professional genesis concerning development of resources for action by workers can be deployed (development of instruments but also development of professional skills, competencies and conceptualizations).

20. An example : cutting granite surface • New cutting machine & stylus • The stylus to engrave a line that would remain visible despite the water • Engraved lines in the stone now guided the cuts firstly made in using only a visual guide. • These evolutions required operators to learn new skills that were more difficult than had initially been envisaged. • A temporary acceptance concerning reduction in quality. • A specialized production unit, where more experienced operators could undertake the more complex and valuable cuts.

21. Systemic appropriation • The constraints experienced by operators became decision variables in defining companies’ technical and organizational options. • The appropriation of humidification is only possible when the constraints that it generates and its resultant resources are taken into consideration within the context of the overall production system (Mendes & al. 2013). • The company acquires ability to experiment.

22. Some « lessons » • Prevention as a project vs one more overlay. • Systemic appropriation to give a new coherence and sense to a system that has been pushed, incorporating elements related to the realities of work and to challenges of company, • Consider realities of the work activity, • An arrangement revealed when it is manhandled, • Dialogues between employees, engineers and technicians, objects • Need and opportunity vs duty.

23. Discussion ? • Define a diagnosis, point of departure for a project of prevention, • Place of standards in tension with specificities, realities and local issues in project, • Work analysis and systemic approach to understand what makes order, disorder, and meaning, to allow developments and transformations articulated with industrial perspectives, • A revisited project making tension between logos (norms but not only) and praxis, not only concerning moral actors.