GoodRelations : An Ontology for Describing Web Offers

1. GoodRelations : An Ontology for Describing Web Offers Primer and User’s Guide Draft 2008. 08. 08 Presented by Jae-won Lee

2. Introduction • The semantics of products and services are represented by UNSPSC or eClass OWL • All of these components do not provide the means required for e-commerce on the Semantic Web • “Resource A is an instance of the product class TV set” • Needs for describing offers with the same words • Customer “TV” vs Vendor “Television” Center for E-Business Technology

3. Introduction • Comparison • eClass OWL • Provides classes, attributes, and values for describing what a product or services is • GoodRelations • Provides everything needed for describing the relationship between a business entity and a product or service • Ontology for the relationship between goods and business entities • Any product ontology can be combined with GoodRelations, if a few constraints are met Center for E-Business Technology

4. Usage • Examples Scenario • The shop at the Web page http://www.electronics.com offers to sell a single instance of a TV set that has a screen size of 30 centimeters, via this pape for 200 Euros • Three parts for express this scenario • There is a business entity named Electronics.com (the company) • There exists a single TV set that has a screen size of 30 cm (the product) • Thereis an offer made by the Business entity to SELL this particular TV set for 200 Euros (the offering) Center for E-Business Technology

5. Usage • In the following example • New identifier within a namespace : http”//www.heppnetz.de/ontologies/gr# • N3 notation (breaking down statements into logical parts more easily) RDF/XML : N3 : Center for E-Business Technology

6. Usage • Step 1 : Define the relevant name space and prefixes Center for E-Business Technology

7. Usage • Step 2 : Choose a products and services ontology to describe the product and import GoodRelations • To describe the types and features of the actual products or services being offered, you need to import a respective ontology • Toy ontology defines TV set types Center for E-Business Technology

8. Usage • Step 3 : Describe the business entity • rdfs:seeAlso • A Web page that contains human readable content Center for E-Business Technology

9. Usage • Step 4 : Describe all things that are being offered • mySony 100Set is a TV set that is an actual TV set • Has screen size 30 cm Center for E-Business Technology

10. Usage • Step 5 : Describe the offer and links the offer to the business entity making it • There is an offer to sell something • The offer is described in TypeAnd • QuantityNode_1 • -The Price is descibed by UnitPrice • Specification_1 • Electronics.com is making that offer TypeAndQuantityNode_1 UnitPriceSecification_1 Center for E-Business Technology

11. RDF graph of the example Center for E-Business Technology

12. Query • Example : Query for offers of TV set Center for E-Business Technology

13. Advanced Topics • Handling of Ranges and Intervals • Most quantitative properties of products or services are intervals and not single values • How to represent the quantitative properties ? d) We attach the upper and lower limits and the unit of Measurement by a datatype or object property b)All properties reflecting quantitative characteristics are represented as the range of Quantitative Value c) For each quantitative value, we create a new instance of Quantitative Value a) We create an ontology class Quantitative Value Quantitative Value TV Set 10.0 InstanceOf InstanceOf hasMinValue hasWeight value1 My TV Set hasMaxValue hasUnitOfMeasurement 10.5 kg Center for E-Business Technology

14. Advanced Topics • Products and Services: Instances, Models, and Classes • Other ontologies do not make the distinction between instances and models of product or services • GoodRelations introduces four classes for product or services classes, instances and models • owl:Class ProdcutOrService • The superclass of all classes describing product or services types • The union of (a) ActualProductOrServiceInstance, (b) ProductOrServiceModel, and (c) ProductOrServiceSomeInstancePlaceholder Center for E-Business Technology

15. Advanced Topics • GoodRelations introduces four classes for product or services classes, instances and models • owl:Class ActualProductOrServiceInstance • A single identifiable object or action • i.e. MyThinkpadd T60, my Volkswagen Golf • owl:Class ProductOrServiceModel • An intangible entity that specifies some characteristics of a group of mass-produced Product • i.e. Volkwagen Gold, Sony Ericsson W123 Cellphone • owl:Class ProductOrServicesSomeInstatncePlaceholder • Dummy instance representing anonymous products or services instances • Which are said to exist but not actually being exposed on the Web Center for E-Business Technology

16. Advanced Topics Center for E-Business Technology

17. Critique • Pros. • This paper explains on GoodRelations with several examples • It is easy to understand the usage of GoodRelations • Cons. • This paper is a user guide • There is no intrinsic definition of GoodRelations • What is GoodRelations ? Center for E-Business Technology