El presente de indicativo:

1. El presente de indicativo: • I work. • I am working. • I do work.

2. To form the present indicative tense you…. … drop the –ar, -er, -ir ending of the infinitive and add the following endings: AR Yo o Tú as Él Ella a Ud. Nosotros(as) amos Vosotros(as) áis Ellos Ellas an Uds. ER Yo o Tú es Él Ella e Ud. Nosotros(as) emos Vosotros(as) éis Ellos Ellas en Uds. IR Yo o Tú es Él Ella e Ud. Nosotros(as) imos Vosotros(as) ís Ellos Ellas en Uds.

3. Certain verbs are irregular in the present tense but they do follow patterns…. Certain verbs have irregular “YO” forms but then are normal: poner pones pone ponemos ponéis ponen hacer haces hace hacemos hacéis hacen caer caes cae caemos caéis caen traer traes trae traemos traéis traen salir sales sale salimo salís salen pongo hago caigo traigo salgo

4. Certain verbs are irregular in the present tense but they do follow patterns…. Certain verbs have irregular “YO” forms but then are normal: caber cabes cabe cabemos cabéis caben saber sabes sabe sabemos sabéis saben dar das da damos dais dan estar estás está estamos estáis están quepo sé doy estoy

5. Certain verbs are irregular in the present tense but they do follow patterns…. Certain verbs have irregular “YO” forms and are stem changers: Tener tienes tiene tenemos tenéis tienen venir vienes viene venimos venís vienen decir dices dice decimos decís dicen tengo vengo digo

6. The verb “oír” has an irregular “yo” form and also adds a “y” in all forms except for “nosotros” and “vosotros”. In addition, an accent mark is added to the “í” in the verb endings: Oír oyes oye oímos oís oyen oigo

7. The verb “haber” has irregular forms except for “vosotros” in the present tense. Haber he has ha hemos han habéis

8. The verbs “ser” and “ir”have irregular forms in the present tense… Ser soy eres es somos sois son Ir voy vas va vamos vais van

9. Certain verbs stem change in the present tense in all persons except for “nosotros” and “vosotros”. These verbs are also known as shoe verbs…. e>ie (preferir) o>ue (volver) prefiero preferimos vuelvo volvemos prefieres preferís vuelves volvéis prefiere prefieren vuelve vuelven e>i (pedir) pido pedimos pides pedís pide piden

10. Certain verbs have spelling changes in the “YO” form in the present tense but they do follow patterns…. Certain verbs have spelling changes in the “YO” forms but then are normal: Verbs that end in -ger and -gir, change g > j Verbs thatend in a vowel and -cer or -cir, change c > zc recoger recoges recoge recogemos recogéis recogen traducir traduces traduce traducimos traducís traducen recojo traduzco

11. Certain verbs have spelling changes in the “YO” form in the present tense but they do follow patterns…. Certain verbs have spelling changes in the “YO” forms but then are normal: convencer convences convence convencemos convencéis convencen distinguir distingues distingue distinguimos distinguís distinguen Verbs that end in -guir drop the u in the yo form Verbs that end in a consonant plus -cer, change c > z convenzo distingo

12. Verbs that end in -uir add a y before the ending except in nosotros and vosotros…. Verbs that end in -uir, change i > y in ALL persons except nosotros and vosotros construir construyo construyes construye construyen construimos construís

13. Verbs that end in -iar and -uar add an accent to the í and to the ú except in nosotros and vosotros esquiar esquío esquías esquía esquiamos esquiáis esquían actuar actúo actúas actúa actuamos actuáis actúan

14. Special verbs and verbal expressions in the present tense: soler + an infinitive soler suelo sueles Suele solemos soléis suelen “Soler” means to be “in the habit of” or “to be accustomed to” (like: acostumbrarse). Therefore, NEVER use “soler” in the preterit tense. + an infinitive

15. Special verbs and verbal expressions in the present tense: hace + time + que + present. ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que nosotros estudiamos español? (How long have we been studying Spanish?) Hace + time + the present is used to tell “how long something has been going on”. Hace seis años que vosotros estudiáis español. (You have been studying Spanish for 6 years.)

16. Special verbs and verbal expressions in the present tense: haber. 1. Haber can be used to show exsitence (There is / There are ): Hay 24 estudiantes en la clase. (There are 24 students in the class.)

17. Special verbs and verbal expressions in the present tense: haber. 2. Haber can be used to show necessity impersonally: Hay que estudiar para el examen. (It’s necessary [One must] study for the test.)

18. Special verbs and verbal expressions in the present tense: haber. 3. Haber de can be used to show necessity as a synonym of “tener + que + the infinitive”: He de ayudar a mi madre esta tarde. (I need to help my mom this after noon.)