Water Safety: Potable and Recreational Water

1. Water Safety:Potable and Recreational Water

2. Discussion “… it is preferable to consider the guidelines in the context of local or national environmental, social, economic and cultural conditions.” WHO, Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Page 2 ‘Guidelines’ Guidelines

3. Result “The main reason for not promoting the adoption of international standards for drinking-water quality is the advantage provided by the use of a risk–benefit approach (qualitative or quantitative)…Further, the Guidelines are best implemented through an integrated preventive management framework for safety applied from catchment to consumer.” WHO, Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Page 2 Guidelines ‘Guidelines’

4. Importance of Sanitation By the time monitoring shows that potable or recreational water maybe / is microbiologically contaminated many people may have been infected (in some cases, fatally). Water Safety

5. Public Health Actions Water Safety

6. Quality Assurance Water Safety

7. Waterborne Outbreak Agents Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), Surveillance Summaries, September 23, 2011 / 60(ss12);1-32

8. Routes of Transmission Modes of Transmission Ingestion • I • Consuming water • i • Contact with skin/mucous membranes • i • Breathing in mist Dermal Inhalation

9. Waterborne disease associated with ships 1970-2003 Epidemiology Source: Public Health Reports/July-August 2004/Vol. 119

10. Two Principal concepts • Product Quality Control (QC) monitors compliance with standards QC tells us that something has gone wrong after it had happened. Quality Control

11. Two Principal concepts • Product Quality Control (QC) monitors compliance with standards QC tells us that something has gone wrong after it had happened. • Process Quality Assurance (QA) uses risk management QA tries to stop something that is going wrong. Quality Control

12. Water Safety Plans Water Safety Plans are a major Quality Assurance tool for onboard water quality management. Quality Control

13. Water Safety Plans The objectives of a water safety plan are to: • Prevent contamination of source waters and onboard water production; • Treat water to reduce or remove contamination tothe extent necessary to meet the water quality targets; and • Prevent re-contamination during storage, distribution and handling ofdrinking-water. Quality Control

14. Discussion Quality Control • What are the hazards? • What events could occur? • What could their effect be on the public health?

15. E. Coli Chlorinator fails People are sick Quality Control Hazard Event Consequence

16. Quality Control Hazard Event Consequence

17. Severity • How severe would the public health consequences be? • How likely is the event to happen? Risk Assessment Frequency

18. Risk Management • Decide the order of priority [use a benefit/cost approach] • Utilize the HACCP Approach • Prepare an improvement schedule • Require Accountability • Specify a review date

19. Potable and Recreational Waters The HACCP Approach Risk Management • Hazard Analysis • Microbiological Hazards • Bacteria • Viruses • Parasites (Protozoa) • Critical Control Point • Disinfection • Halogenation (Chlorine or Bromine) • Critical Limit • Potable Water at far point 0.2-5.0 PPM • Pools • 1.0-5.0 PPM • Whirlpool spas • 3.0-10.0 PPM Chlorine • 4.0-10.0 PPM Bromine