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Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds. MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended structures. What we’ll cover…. Compound Formulas Ions Monatomic Polyatomic Ionic Compounds Molecular Compounds
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Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended structures.
What we’ll cover… • Compound Formulas • Ions • Monatomic • Polyatomic • Ionic Compounds • Molecular Compounds • Other types of extended Structures
Compound Formulas Examples: NaCl CH3OH (NH4)2SO4
Three Types of Compounds Molecular Covalent Extended Covalent Ionic
IONS Cations Formed by losing electrons. Have a positive charge. Formed mainly from metals.
IONS Anions Formed by gaining electrons. Have a negative charge. Formed mainly from nonmetals. Cations Formed by losing electrons. Have a positive charge. Formed mainly from metals.
Naming IONS Cations Name of element + “ion” Na+ = sodium ion Mg2+ = magnesium ion
Naming IONS Anions Name of element with –ide ending + “ion” Cl- = chloride ion O2- = oxide ion Cations Name of element + “ion” Na+ = sodium ion Mg2+ = magnesium ion
Ionic Compound Formulas Total cation charge = Total anion charge Ex: Na+ and Cl- make ________
Ionic Compound Formulas Total cation charge = Total anion charge Ex: Na+ and Cl- make NaCl Mg2+ and Cl- make ________
Ionic Compound Formulas Total cation charge = Total anion charge Ex: Na+ and Cl- make NaCl Mg2+ and Cl- make MgCl2 NH4+ and SO42- make _________
Naming Ionic Compounds Name = cation name + anion name Ex: NaCl = NH4Br =
Molecular Compounds Nonmetal + nonmetal gives molecular compound Ex: C + O S + O C + H
Aside on gas prices… Propane Butane Jet Fuel Gasoline Diesel/Heating Longer molecules(asphalt/tar) Crude oil
Naming Molecular Compounds Binary Compounds form between 2 elements
Naming Molecular Compounds Binary Compounds form with 2 elements Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion.
Naming Molecular Compounds Binary Compounds form with 2 elements Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion. Use prefixes to indicate numbers: 2 = di 3 = tri 4 = tetra 5 = penta
Network Solids • Held together like a molecule • Large and extended