Chapter 22

1. Chapter 22 Fungi Section 1: Characteristics of Fungi Section 2: Fungal Diversity Section 3: Fungal Partnerships

2. Section 1 Characteristics of Fungi Objectives: • List the characteristics of the kingdom Fungi. • Describe the structure of a typical fungus body. • Identify how fungi obtain nutrients. • Relate the way fungi obtain nutrients to their role in ecosystems. • Distinguish the ways that fungi reproduce.

3. Section 1 Characteristics of Fungi Kingdom Fungi Characteristics Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs. Fungal cells contain chitin and go through nuclear mitosis.

4. Section 1 Characteristics of Fungi Structures and Nutrients • Structures Their bodies are made up of slender woven filaments called hyphae. Hyphae form mycelium. • Nutrients Fungi obtain nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes and absorbing the decomposed nutrients from their environment. Fungi decompose dead organic matter; they are an important resource recycler. • Reproduction Most fungi reproduce by releasing spores that are produced asexually or sexually.

5. Section 2 Fungal Diversity Objectives: • Describe the characteristics used to classify fungi. • List two commercial uses for fungi. • Describe three phyla of fungi. • Distinguish between the life cycles of zygomycetes, ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes. • Describe the mushroom Amanita muscaria.

6. Section 2 Fungal Diversity Reproductive Structures • Asexual Reproduction Fungi are classified by their sexual reproductive structures.Fungi in which sexual reproduction has not been observed are referred to as deuteromycetes.

7. Section 2 Fungal Diversity Zygomycetes • Zygomycetes Fungi in the phylum Zygomycota produce spores in thick-walled sexual structures called zygosporangia.

8. Section 2 Fungal Diversity Ascomycetes • Ascomycetes Fungi in the phylum Ascomycota produce spores in a saclike structures called an ascus.

9. Section 2 Fungal Diversity Basidiomycetes • Basidiomycetes Fungi in the phylum Basidiomycota produce spores in a club-shaped structure called a basidium.

10. Section 3 Fungal Partnerships Objectives: • Distinguish two symbiotic relationships that involve fungi. • Summarize the ecological importance of mycorrhizae. • Describe lichens.

11. Section 3 Fungal Partnerships Symbiotic Relationships • Fungal Symbioses Fungi can be involved in two types of symbioses, mycorrhizae or lichens. • Mycorrhizae Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations in which a fungus transfers minerals to a plant’s roots, which in turn supply carbohydrates to the fungus. • Lichens The fungal partnership in a lichen protects the photosynthetic partner and provides the lichen with minerals. The photosynthetic partner provides the fungus with carbohydrates.