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Lecture 15 Lithostratigraphy

Lecture 15 Lithostratigraphy. Lithostratigraphy Biostratigraphy Seismic stratigraphy. Magnetostratigraphy Geochemistry stable istopes radiometric dating. Stratigraphy: Putting together the whole picture (processes and history). I. “Facies” (Steno, 1669) “aspect” or “appearance” .

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Lecture 15 Lithostratigraphy

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  1. Lecture 15 Lithostratigraphy

  2. Lithostratigraphy Biostratigraphy Seismic stratigraphy Magnetostratigraphy Geochemistry stable istopes radiometric dating Stratigraphy: Putting together the whole picture (processes and history)

  3. I. “Facies” (Steno, 1669) “aspect” or “appearance” Can be genetic (fluvial facies) or descriptive (sandstone facies) Lithofacies = a consistent lithologic character within a formation. E.g. an evaporite lithofacies Walther’s law (1894) = facies that occur in conformable vertical successions of strata also occur in laterally adjacent environments.

  4. Transgressions and regressions, progradations

  5. Classical interpretation of a cyclothem

  6. Assymetry in transgressive and regressive deposition

  7. II. Accumulation • Base level. Above sealevel, preservation is the exception rather than the rule • Sediment traps • tectonic • basin subsidence • sea-level rise

  8. III. Gaps • Diastems = obscure, small gaps in the record. Barrell (1917) • Unconformities = larger gaps in the record.

  9. IV. Correlation • Demonstrating the equivalence or correspondence of geographically separated parts of a geologic unit

  10. Old (pre-1930) and new interpretations of units in the Devonian Catskills. Layer-cake versus concept of facies change.

  11. An example of time-transgression of lithofacies from the Everglades

  12. V. Sequences • Major unconformities representing Earth’s broad tectonic or eustatic events.

  13. Sloss (1963)

  14. Time (geochronologic) units Eon Era Period Epoch Age VI. Time, Time-Rock and Rock Units • Time-rock chronostratigraphic) units • Eonothem • Erathem • System • Series • Stage • Zone

  15. Time units Phanerozoic eon Cenozoic era Quaternary period Holocene epoch Wisconsinan age Examples • Time-rock units • Eonothem • Erathem • System • Series • Stage

  16. Rock (lithostratigraphic) units • Supergroup • Group • FORMATION a mappable unit with distinctive lithic characteristics • Member • Bed

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