Dictators and Authoritarian Governments

1. Dictators and Authoritarian Governments Information Packet: Read the information in this handout and use it to complete the chart about Dictators and Authoritarian Governments.

2. Centers: With your group, rotate to the 5 Centers, each focusing on a different Dictator and Government: Benito Mussolini – Italy Adolf Hitler – Germany Francisco Franco – Spain Vladimir Lenin – Russia Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union

3. Benito Mussolini -Italy

4. Mussolini in Italy • Italy’s gov’t can’t fix its economic problems  Italians want a strong leader to fix their economy. • Mussolini (Il Duce) promises to fix the economic problems in Italy and takes power in 1922 as a dictator. • All political parties in Italy are banned except Mussolini’s party (Fascist Party) • Censorship of media

6. Dictators and Authoritarian Governments Information Packet: Read the information in this handout and use it to complete the chart about Dictators and Authoritarian Governments.

7. Centers: With your group, rotate to the 5 Centers, each focusing on a different Dictator and Government: Benito Mussolini – Italy Adolf Hitler – Germany Francisco Franco – Spain Vladimir Lenin – Russia Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union

8. Adolf Hitler -Germany

9. Hitler in Germany • Germans are unhappy w/ their economic problems after the Treaty of Versailles. • A young soldier, Hitler, joins Nazi party and becomes their leader  preaches hatred of minorities but also says he will fix economy. • Once Fuhrer (dictator of Germany), Hitler only allows Nazi party, has opponents sent to jail or killed by SS (secret police), and censors media.

10. The German people were looking for a charismatic leader who would bring them hope for the future.

12. Anti-Semitism Hostility toward Jews Hitler & the Nazi Party blamed the Non-Germans for all the problems in Germany.

13. Dictators and Authoritarian Governments Information Packet: Read the information in this handout and use it to complete the chart about Dictators and Authoritarian Governments.

14. Centers: With your group, rotate to the 5 Centers, each focusing on a different Dictator and Government: Benito Mussolini – Italy Adolf Hitler – Germany Francisco Franco – Spain Vladimir Lenin – Russia Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union

15. Francisco Franco –Spain

16. Franco in Spain • The general and dictator Francisco Franco (1892-1975) ruled over Spain from 1939 until his death. • He rose to power during the bloody Spanish Civil War when, and with the help of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, his Nationalist forces overthrew the democratically elected Second Republic. • Adopting the title of “El Caudillo” (The Leader), Franco persecuted political opponents, repressed the culture and language of Spain’s Basque and Catalan regions, censured the media and otherwise exerted absolute control over the country. • Some of these restrictions gradually eased as Franco got older, and upon his death the country transitioned to democracy.

17. Dictators and Authoritarian Governments Information Packet: Read the information in this handout and use it to complete the chart about Dictators and Authoritarian Governments.

18. Centers: With your group, rotate to the 5 Centers, each focusing on a different Dictator and Government: Benito Mussolini – Italy Adolf Hitler – Germany Francisco Franco – Spain Vladimir Lenin – Russia Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union

19. Vladimir Lenin – Russia

20. Lenin in Russia • Born Vladimir IlichUlanov in 1870, Lenin was the founder of the Russian Communist Party,  leader of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, and the architect, builder, and first head of the Soviet Union. • Lenin spent the years leading up to the 1917 revolution in exile, within Russia and abroad. The Bolshevik's quickly consolidated power; privatizing all aspects of the Soviet economy, cracking down on dissent through the Cheka (or secret police), and instituting the Red Terror, aimed at destroying monarchist and anti-Bolshevik symapthizers during the Russian Civil War.  • Continued …

21. Lenin in Russia • Despite a series of strokes in his final years, Lenin attempted to shape the future of the Soviet Union, warning against the unchecked power of party members, including Joseph Stalin. His warnings went unheeded, and Stalin emerged victorious from the protracted power struggle following Lenin's 1924 death.

22. Dictators and Authoritarian Governments Information Packet: Read the information in this handout and use it to complete the chart about Dictators and Authoritarian Governments.

23. Centers: With your group, rotate to the 5 Centers, each focusing on a different Dictator and Government: Benito Mussolini – Italy Adolf Hitler – Germany Francisco Franco – Spain Vladimir Lenin – Russia Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union

24. Joseph Stalin–Soviet Union

25. Stalin in Soviet Union • Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) was the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1929 to 1953. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower. • However, he ruled by terror, and millions of his own citizens died during his brutal reign. Born into poverty, Stalin became involved in revolutionary politics, as well as criminal activities, as a young man. • Continued …

26. Stalin in Soviet Union • After Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) died, Stalin outmaneuvered his rivals for control of the party. Once in power, he collectivized farming and had potential enemies executed or sent to forced labor camps. • Stalin aligned with the United States and Britain in World War II (1939-1945) but afterward engaged in an increasingly tense relationship with the West known as the Cold War (1946-1991). • After his death, the Soviets initiated a de-Stalinization process.