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The Origins of State Theories and Philosophers in Democracy Formation

Explore the evolution of state theories including Force, Divine Right, and Social Contract Theories. Discover key philosophers such as Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Montesquieu who influenced democracy. Understand their beliefs on human nature, natural rights, and social contracts. Compare their ideas to the foundation of the United States government.

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The Origins of State Theories and Philosophers in Democracy Formation

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  1. ORIGINS OF THE STATE SKITS! • 1 v. 5 ~ Evolutionary Theory • 2 v. 6 ~ Force Theory • 3 v. 7 ~ Divine Right Theory • 4 v. 8 ~ Social Contract Theory

  2. Bell Ringer • Do you think humans are inherently good or evil? In other words, are people born “good” or “bad”? • What do you think has influenced your beliefs surrounding this, and why?

  3. Philosophers Group Work • You will work in teams of FOUR to gather and report information about key philosophers whose ideas helped form the basis for our democracy! • Read about philosopher: Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau or Montesquieu • Fill in boxes on worksheet • Share information with group • Apply concepts

  4. Who are you Thomas Hobbes? • 1588-1679 (England) • School with noblemen and intellectuals • Lived in England during civil war • 1640s: Parliament turned on King Charles I (executed) • Devoted monarchist

  5. Hobbes The Absolute Ruler • State of Nature • Equality, survival, life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short” • Law of nature • None! • Right of Nature • Life, preservation of self, equality • Social contract • Individuals create supreme power to impose peace • Lay down natural rights to a sovereign • People cannot revolt once power is given • Why the U.S. Cares? • Equality!

  6. Who are you John Locke? • 1632-1704 (England) • Friends with nobles and scholars in government • Worked in government • Alive during the Glorious (Bloodless) Revolution • William and Mary invited to retake the throne after James II flees

  7. Who are you John Locke? • State of Nature • Brutal, violent, everyone against everyone (agrees with Hobbes) • Law of nature • Free and equal • Unalienable rights • Right of Nature • Unalienable rights: life, liberty and property • Limited rulers power • Social contract • Needed for peace • Agreement amongst people AND sovereign • Ruler protects natural rights • People can revolt and establish new government • Why the U.S. Cares? • Life, liberty, and property • Right to revolt

  8. Who are you Baron de Montesquieu? • 1689-1755 (France) • Noble and prosperous family • Highly educated • Visited England where observed and liked political system

  9. Who are you Baron de Montesquieu? • State of Nature • Fearful and people avoided violence and war • Need for food causes people to live in a society • Once in society, war begins • Law of nature • Society created for needs • Right of Nature • Never says anything… • Social contract • No social contract • State of war led to human laws and government • Why U.S. Cares? • Three branches of government

  10. Who are you Jean-Jacques Rousseau? • 1712-1778 (Switzerland) • Orphaned • Attempted musician • Traveled all around and met figures of intellectual movement

  11. Who are you Jean-Jacques Rousseau? • State of Nature • Free, equal, peaceful and happy • Ownership of property creates inequalities and war • Law of nature • No pain to others and morality is law • Right of Nature • Rights can never be given up • Social contract • Not willing agreement, fraud against people committed by rich • Rights given up, not to a king but to ALL people • People = sovereign (loves him some direct democracy) • No separation of powers • Why U.S. Cares? • People RULE (popular sovereignty)

  12. Founding Father Twinners Hobbes Rousseau Locke Montesquieu Life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short” Equality Lay down rights to a sovereign People are fearful and avoid violence Society created for needs Loves 3 branches Free, equal, peaceful People = sovereign No separation of powers needed Rights to the people Natural rights are unalienable Life, liberty and property Agreement amongst people AND sovereign Madison Hamilton Jefferson Mason

  13. Name that Philosopher! • This guy thought direct democracy was the best form of government. • This guy believed that property was a natural right. • This guy promoted separation of powers. • This guy thought people needed an absolute ruler to create order • This guy was the most handsome of all philosophers. TRICK QUESTION!!!

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