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Challenges and Launching of the New Deal

This text discusses the challenges faced by the New Deal, including criticism from both the right and left wing, as well as the launch of various programs and initiatives that aimed to stimulate the economy and improve social conditions.

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Challenges and Launching of the New Deal

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  1. Table 1 I. A-D & II. A Table 2 II. B-C & III. A-C Table 3 IV. A-B & Timeline Side #1-3 Table 4 Timeline Side #4-7 Table 5 Chart – 1st 5 entries Table 6 Chart – last 5 entries 10.2 Responsibilities You will have approximately 20 minutes to complete your answers. Split the work up amongst everyone in the group. All group members must have answers written down. Anyone from the group may be called upon to answer the questions.

  2. I. Challenges to the New Deal • The right wing felt that the New Deal • had imposed too many regulations on business • expanded the federal government’s power at the expense of states’ rights • Roosevelt’s deficit spending was dangerous

  3. I. Challenges to the New Deal • The left wing that • Roosevelt had not gone far enough • Government should intervene even more dramatically in the economy to shift the wealth from the rich to middle-income and poor Americans

  4. I. Challenges to the New Deal • Father Coughlin called for heavy taxes on the wealthy and a nationalized banking system in order to make life better for many Americans

  5. I. Challenges to the New Deal • In order to free up jobs for the unemployed, Francis Townshend proposed • Government pay citizens over age 60 a pension of $200/month • Recipients would have to retire and spend their entire pension check each month • He believed the plan would increase spending and remove people form the labor force, freeing up jobs

  6. II. Launching the Second New Deal • The results of the Works Progress Administration (WPA): • Over eight years the WPA spent $11 billion and employed 8.5 million workers who constructed 650,000 miles of highways & roads, 125,000 public buildings and more than 8,000 parks…etc.

  7. II. Launching the Second New Deal • Federal Number One program offered work to artists, musicians, theatre people and writers. • Artists- murals, musicians – city symphonies, • Federal Theatre Project financed playwrights, actors & directors • Historians who interviewed former slaves to document American History

  8. II. Launching the Second New Deal • C- In the “sick Chicken case” (Schechter v. the US) the Schechter brothers had been convicted in of violating the NIRA’s (National Industrial Recovery Act) Live Poultry code. They had sold diseased chickens and violated the code’s wage-and-hour provisions.

  9. II. Launching the Second New Deal • C- The Court ruled that employees of a slaughterhouse were only involved in the slaughtering and sale of chickens in a LOCAL area. Because employees were not involved in interstate commerce, their wages and hours could not be regulated by the NIRA’s code (federal gov’t) for wage-and-hour provisions.

  10. II. Launching the Second New Deal The Supreme Court ruled in the “sick chicken case” that the Const. did not allow Congress to delegate its powers to the executive branch, thereby considering the NIRA codes unconstitutional

  11. III. The Rise of Industrial Unions • The National Labor Regulations Act (Wagner Act): • Guaranteed workers the right to unionize • Set up National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) which was involved in helping workers set up unions and regulate fair practices

  12. III. The Rise of Industrial Unions • The main goal of the Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO): • Organize industrial unions – unions that included all workers in a particular industry

  13. III. The Rise of Industrial Unions • After considerable violence, the sit-down strikes at General Motors were finally resolved when the company gave in and recognized the CIO’s United Auto Workers (UAW) as its employees’ sole bargaining agent.

  14. IV. The Social Security Act • The Social Security Act (1935) is one of the most important pieces of legislation in American history. • Its major goal was to provide some security for the elderly and unemployed workers

  15. IV. The Social Security Act • Initially the Social Security Act left out many of the neediest members of society – farm and domestic workers • 65% of all African American workers in the 1930’s fell into these two categories

  16. Timeline Activity Agencies of the New Deal

  17. Agencies of the New Deal • Social Security Board • Home Owner’s Loan Corporation • Securities and Exchange Commission • National Labor Relations Board • Federal Loan Agency • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation • Federal Housing Administration

  18. New Deal Programs(Alphabet Soup) • Agriculture Adjustment Administration • AAA • Purpose: Regulate farm prices by paying farmers not to grow certain crops • Target Group: Farmers

  19. New Deal Programs • Civilian Conservation Corps • CCC • Purpose: provide jobs and fund conservation projects • Target Group: unemployed men ages 18-25

  20. New Deal Programs • Farm Credit Administration • FCA • Purpose: help farmers refinance mortgages • Target Group: farmers

  21. New Deal Programs • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation • FDIC • Purpose: provide gov’t insurance to bank depositors • Target Group: depositors

  22. New Deal Programs • Federal Emergency Relief Fund • FERA • Purpose: fund state and local agency relief projects • Target Group: unemployed workers

  23. New Deal Programs • Home Owners’ Loan Corporation • HOLC • Purpose: help homeowners pay mortgages • Target Group: homeowners

  24. New Deal Programs • National Industrial Recovery Act • NIRA • Purpose: guaranteed fairness in competition by allowing business, labor and gov’t to set voluntary rules • Target Group: workers & business

  25. New Deal Programs • Public Works Administration • PWA • Purpose: put construction workers to work in construction projects • Target Group: unemployed construction workers

  26. New Deal Programs • Securities and Exchange Commission • SEC • Purpose: Regulate the stock market • Target Group: investors and bankers

  27. New Deal Programs • Works Progress Administration • WPA • Purpose: Promote recovery and employment by funding public works projects • Target Group: unemployed workers

  28. Notes 9.1 Section Assessment** 9.1 SG/Timeline 9.2 Lecture Guide 9.3 SG 10.1 SG/Chart 10.2 SG 10.3 Lecture Guide (Fri) ** on your own paper Activities 10.2 Timeline/Chart Video Guides Unfinished Nation: Hard Times** CAT: Stormy Weather New Deal “Chaos of Experimentation” ** on your own paper Notebook Check Info

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