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Marek W. Urban, University of Southern Mississippi MRSEC DMR 0213883. Ionic Actuator.
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Marek W. Urban, University of Southern Mississippi MRSEC DMR 0213883 Ionic Actuator Ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) actuation is attributed to electrophoresis-like ion-water migration within the membrane in response to applied electric fields. As mobile cations travel to the cathode side of the IPMC under the applied voltage, water molecules also migrate with them, causing the differential swelling of the cathode layer and subsequent deswelling of the anode layer.