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Chapter Six

Explore the role of music during the 16th century Reformation, including congregational singing, chorales, and the use of polyphony. Learn about influential composers such as Palestrina and Orlande de Lassus, and the impact of the Council of Trent on music.

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Chapter Six

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  1. Chapter Six Music in the 16th Century

  2. The Reformation • Catholic Monk/Reformer • 95 Theses (1517) • Power of music (p. 169) • Congregational singing • Chorale • “Nun komm…” (p. 167)- “Veni redemptor…” • “Ein feste Burg…” • Johann Walter (1496-1570)- “Ein feste Burg…” Martin Luther (1483-1546)by Lucas Cranach (1529)

  3. England • Henry VIII’s “problem” • Church of England • Henry (RC/Anglican), Edward VI (Protestant)Mary I (RC)Elizabeth I (Anglican) • Byrd (RC by choice) • Anthems (= Motets) • “Sing Joyfully Unto God”[Anth I/60] William Byrd (1539/40-1623)

  4. Counter-Reformation • Council of Trent(1545-63) 3 sessions • Music among last topics • Eliminates newer chants • Music serves the text • Words should be intelligible • Banish [anything] “lascivious or impure”(= secular influences) “Council of Trent” (1588)by Pasquale Cati (c. 1520-c. 1620)

  5. Giovanni Pierluigi di Palestrina • born. nr Rome (c. 1525) • Choirboy/church musician (Rome/Palestrina) • Cappella Giulia (Pope!)m.d.c. from 1571 to 1594 • Almost exclusively sacred music (104 masses!, etc.) • Model for counterpoint(J.J. Fux, Gradus ad Parnassum, 1725)

  6. Missa Papae Marcelli[Anth. 61 - Credo] • Problem of polyphony • “…like cats in January” • Better w/ just monophonic chants (?) • Palestrina “saves” polyphony (not quite…) • 1st book of Masses (1554) • "Kyrie" • "Credo“ [Anth. 61] Palestrina presents his mass to Pope Julius III

  7. Orlande de Lassus(1530/32-1594) • Franco-Flemish (b. 1530 or 32) • International (multiple languages) • Italy – Mantua & Rome • Bavaria – cappella of Albrecht V(Munich) • More daring text setting- “mannerist” (text, p.173) • "Cum essem parvulus“ [Anth 62] • Prophetiae Sibyllarum: Prologue [Anth 63] – chromaticism(text, p. 182) Statue in Munich

  8. Parmigianino(1503-1540) “self-portrait with convex mirror”(1524) “Madonna dal collo lungo” (1535/40)

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