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Mineral Nutrition

Mineral Nutrition in plants. Plants are:Capable of making all necessary organic compounds from inorganic compounds and elements in the environment (autotrophic)Supplied with all the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen they could ever need (CO2, H2O)Required to obtain all other elements from the soil so

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Mineral Nutrition

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    1. Mineral Nutrition

    2. Mineral Nutrition in plants Plants are: Capable of making all necessary organic compounds from inorganic compounds and elements in the environment (autotrophic) Supplied with all the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen they could ever need (CO2, H2O) Required to obtain all other elements from the soil so in a sense plants act as soil miners.

    3. Mineral Nutrition in plants The study of how plants obtain, distribute, metabolize, and utilize mineral nutrients. “Mineral”: An inorganic element Acquired mostly in the form of inorganic ions from the soil “Nutrient”: A substance needed to survive or necessary for the synthesis of organic compounds

    4. Classifying mineral nutrients Amount required or present in plant tissue Metabolic need for the mineral nutrient Biochemical function(s) for the mineral nutrient Mobility within the plant

    5. Mineral macronutrients

    6. Mineral micronutrients

    7. Nutrient deficiencies Mineral nutrient deficiencies occur when the concentration of a nutrient decreases below this typical range Deficiencies of specific nutrients lead to specific visual, often characteristic, symptoms reflective of the role of that nutrient in plant metabolism

    8. Nutrient deficiency v. sufficiency

    9. Patterns of deficiency The location where a deficiency reflects the mobility of a nutrient Nutrients are redistributed in the phloem Old leaves = mobile Young = immobile

    10. Essentiality of mineral nutrients Essential: Universal for all plants – Absence prevents completion of life cycle – Absence leads to deficiency – Required for some aspect of mineral nutrition • Beneficial: Often limited to a few species – Stimulates growth and development – May be required in some species – Examples: Na, Si, Se

    11. Essentiality of mineral nutrients There are four basic groups: Group one: Forms the organic components of plants Plants assimilate these nutrients via biochemical reactions involving oxidation and reduction Group two: Energy storage reactions or maintaining structural integrity Present in plant tissue as phosphate, borate or silicate esters The elemental is bound to OH group of an organic molecule

    12. Biochemical functions of mineral nutrients

    13. Essentiality of mineral nutrients Group three: Present in plant tissue as either free ions or ions bound to substrates such as the pectin component of the plant cell wall Of particular importance are their roles as Enzyme cofactors In the regulation of osmotic potentials

    14. Biochemical functions of mineral nutrients

    15. Essentiality of mineral nutrients Group four: This last group has important roles in reactions involving electron transfer. Some also involved in the formation of plant growth hormones – Zinc The light reaction of photosynthesis - Copper

    16. Biochemical functions of mineral nutrients

    17. How are mineral nutrients acquired by plants? Uptake through the leaves Artificial: called foliar application. Used to apply iron, copper and manganese. Associations with mycorrhizal fungi Fungi help with root absorption Uptake by the roots

    18. The soil affects nutrient absorption pH affects the growth of plant roots and soil microbes Root growth favors a pH of 5.5 to 6.5 Acidic conditions weathers rock and releases potassium, magnesium, calcium, and manganese. The decomposition of organic material lowers soil pH. Rainfall leaches ions through soil to form alkaline conditions

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