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Sangwoo Lee, Ron Davis, PhD, Cathy Sellers, and Larry Judge, PhD

Research and Coaching Application for USA Seated Shot Put Paralympians. Sangwoo Lee, Ron Davis, PhD, Cathy Sellers, and Larry Judge, PhD . Shot Put Project. With high Performance Director for U.S. Paralympic Track and Field . Purpose of Project.

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Sangwoo Lee, Ron Davis, PhD, Cathy Sellers, and Larry Judge, PhD

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  1. Research and Coaching Application for USA Seated Shot Put Paralympians Sangwoo Lee, Ron Davis, PhD, Cathy Sellers, and Larry Judge, PhD

  2. Shot Put Project With high Performance Director for U.S. Paralympic Track and Field

  3. Purpose of Project • The projection conditions (release height, speed, and angle) determine the throw distance. • Purpose • Analyze the projection conditions of the athletes competed in the 2012 US Paralympic Trials (track and field) • Determine how each projection condition affects the distance thrown • Compare the projection conditions between male and female athletes

  4. Shot Put Motion

  5. Methods • Participants • Sixteen shot-put athletes • 11 males and 5 females; disability categories F53-F58 • Equipment • 4 digital video cameras (60Hz) • Calibration frame (2×2×1m) • 16 body points • Hand, wrist, elbow, shoulder for both sides of the body and right, left, anterior heads, sternum, and shot • Kwon3D & Matlab

  6. Methods (cont.) • Experimental setting

  7. Methods (cont.) • Data reduction and processing • First synchronized to the instant of shot release • Digitized to obtain the stick figures and analyze the motions • Reconstructed from the image coordinates of the digitized points and camera calibration information using the DLT method (Abdel-Aziz & Karara, 1971) • Filtered using a zero phase-lag fourth-order Butterworth low-pass filter • A cutoff frequency: 6Hz

  8. Methods (cont.)

  9. Z V: Release speed Methods (cont.) X Y ϴ: Release angle • Data analysis H: Release height

  10. Methods (cont.) • Data analysis • Release angle:

  11. Methods (cont.) • Data analysis • Release speed: The resultant linear velocity of a shot at shot release • Release height: The difference in height from the land to the vertical position of hand at shot release. • Distance thrown from the official records • The best 3 attempts of 6 attempts

  12. Methods (cont.) • Statistical analysis • Multiple regression (enter method) • IVs: Release angle, release speed, and release height • DV: Distance thrown • Two-Way Factorial MANOVA between subjects • IVs: Gender and class • DVs: Release angle, release speed, release height, and throwing distance

  13. Results • Correlations of distance thrown and IVs using Pearson’s correlation Moderate Strong Weak

  14. Results • Multiple regression model coefficients Note: R = .922, R2 = .850, Adjusted R2 = .840 Distance thrown = -8.164 + (.174*release angle) + (1.626*release speed)

  15. Disability Category F53: Have normal shoulders, elbows, and wrists, with mild limitation of hand function. No trunk or leg function. F54: Have normal arm and hand function. Have no trunk or leg function. F55: Have normal arm and hand function. In relation to the trunk, can extend the spine in an upward direction and can rotate the spine. No leg function. F56: Have normal arm and hand function. Can extend the trunk upward, can rotate, and can move backward and forward in a sitting position. Have some leg function. F57: Have normal arm and hand function. Can move the trunk in an upward direction, can rotate, can move backward and forward, and can move side to side. Have an increase in leg function in comparison with F56. F58: Have normal arm and hand function. Have normal trunk function. Have more leg function than F57.

  16. Results • Two-way Factorial MANOVA results

  17. Overall Results • Release speed > release angle > and release height • Differences in projection conditions • Among classes • Between male and females ×

  18. Discussion Optimum angle: 37° Male Female Change in release speed > Change in release angle The effect of release speed and release angle on the throwing distance of a shot with a constant release height(Linthorne, 2001)

  19. Conclusion • Release speed is the most important projection condition • Differences in projection conditions • Among classes • Between male and females

  20. So what??

  21. Application • Athletes should increase release speed as high as possible and release angle as close to 37° as possible AT THE SAME TIME • The projection conditions are NOT INDEPENDENT (Hay, 1993; Dyson, 1986; Hubbard, 1988; de Mestre, 1990; de Mestre et al., 1998; Maheras, 1998) • Release speed decreases linearly with increasing release angle • The release angles could be their optimum angles • Due to the nature of their physical structure and muscular strength • The change in release speed > the change in release angle Throwing with a high release speed is more important to performance than throwing at the optimum release angle

  22. TWU Research Team from Biomechanics and Adapted Physical Activity Questions?

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