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Who Has Been Affected by GMO Crops?. Biotechnology companies and suppliersProducersA few consumers and processors (if output traits)Researchers. Who Has Been Affected by the GMO Issue?. Biotechnology companies and suppliersProducersHandlersFood manufacturing chain. Who Has Been Affected by the
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1. GMO Crops: Lessons Learned Dr. Charles R. Hurburgh, Jr.
Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering
Iowa State University
October 9, 2000
2. Who Has Been Affected by GMO Crops? Biotechnology companies and suppliers
Producers
A few consumers and processors (if output traits)
Researchers
3. Who Has Been Affected by the GMO Issue? Biotechnology companies and suppliers
Producers
Handlers
Food manufacturing chain
4. Who Has Been Affected by the GMO Issue? Consumers
Media
Activists
Testing labs, other support services
Exports, educators, researchers
5. GMO Crops – Lessons Learned Any perception of change will be negative
Any perceived risk is more risk than they had before
With no clear benefit, responses will be negative
The Precautionary Principle
6. GMO Crops – Lessons Learned Value is utility, a perceived level, not purely cost
Consumers do not have to be consistent
Consumers may value the process as much as the product
7. GMO Crops – Lessons Learned Segregation without incentives is unlikely
Full segregation is costly (+50˘/bu)
A slightly enhanced commodity is not a good product for segregation
Certification or testing
Success stories
8. Grain Handling Practices – Non-GMO Markets (Feb. 2000)
9. Grain Analysis Practices – Non-GMO Markets (Feb. 2000)
10. GMO Crops – Lessons Learned New products must have verification, tests available
Split or partial approval = trouble
Inspection/testing must have neutral standards
Certification (ISO, etc.) is a partial but not complete substitute
Testing methods
11. GMO Testing Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
DNA test, precise
3-5 days, $300+/sample
Immunoassay (ELISA)
antibody indicator, screening
5-20 minutes, $3-$10/sample
NIR – under test
near-infrared, screening
1-2 minutes, $2-$4/sample
12. GMO Testing Sampling
25-50% error - single kernel event
Sampling error similar to aflatoxin
5-10 lb sample
rough grind and divide
Tolerances
Market uncertain
Most estimates: 1-5%
Accumulation of mixing errors
original seed, field
harvesting
handling and storage
shipment
13. GMO Testing
14. GMO Crops – Lessons Learned Technology cost treadmill
Competitors can specialize, avoid the costs of segregation
Any marketing risk is more risk than producer has now
More cautious, demanding in the future; GMO forced them to learn about the entire market
15. Summary – How High Was The Tuition? Consumers can care about raw commodities
Success in segregating means organized supply chains, not random trading
Do not expect what you cannot inspect
Producers do not have to support all biotechnology
16. Where To Find Us