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WASTE WATER

WASTE WATER. INTRODUCTION COMPONENTS INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING MUNICIPAL SEWERS PRIVATE DISPOSAL. WASTE WATER. FUNCTIONS: RELIEVE THE POTENTIAL VACUUM THAT MIGHT SUCK ALL WATER OUT OF THE TRAP. RELIEVES GAS PRESSURE WHICH COULD BLOW WATER OUT OF THE TRAP. CARRYING AWAY OFFENSIVE GASES.

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WASTE WATER

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  1. WASTE WATER INTRODUCTION COMPONENTS INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING MUNICIPAL SEWERS PRIVATE DISPOSAL

  2. WASTE WATER • FUNCTIONS: • RELIEVE THE POTENTIAL VACUUM THAT MIGHT SUCK ALL WATER OUT OF THE TRAP. • RELIEVES GAS PRESSURE WHICH COULD BLOW WATER OUT OF THE TRAP. • CARRYING AWAY OFFENSIVE GASES. • FRESH-AIR REDUCES CORROSION & GROWTH OF SLIME. • AIDS THE FLOW OF LARGE VOLUMES OF LIQUID THROUGH THE DRAIN PIPES BY RELIEVING AIR PRESSURE. • INTRODUCTION COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL

  3. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • VENT STACKS: • A VERTICAL PIPE INSTALLED TO PROVIDE CIRCULATION OF AIR TO AND FROM THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM WHICH EXTENDS THROUGH ONE OR MORE STORIES. • USUALLY FOUR INCHES IN DIAMETER. VENT STACK

  4. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • BRANCH VENT: • A VENT CONNECTING ONE OR MORE INDIVIDUAL VENTS WITH A VENT STACK. BRANCH VENT

  5. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL STACK VENT: SECTION OF THE SOIL OR WASTE STACK ABOVE THE LAST FIXTURE.

  6. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • FRESH-AIR INLET: • DESCRIPTION: • SHORT VENT PIPE CONNECTED TO THE MAIN BUILDING DRAIN JUST BEFORE IT LEAVES THE BUILDING. • FUNCTIONS: • PROVIDES VENTILATION AIR. • OVERFLOW RELEASE.

  7. WASTE WATER • FIXTURE BRANCHES: • TYPES: • SOIL LINES: CARRYING WATER FROM TOILET & URINALS. • WASTE LINES: CARRYING OTHER WATER FROM FIXTURE. • SLOPE: • USUAL MINIMUM SLOPE IS ¼” PER FOOT. • FOR PIPES LARGER THAN 3” THE MINIMUM SLOPE IS 1/8” PER FOOT. • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL

  8. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • STACK TYPES: • SOIL STACK: • LARGE VERTICAL PIPE INTO WHICH SOIL & WASTE LINES EMPTY. • WASTE STACK: • VERTICAL PIPE INTO WHICH WASTE LINES ONLY EMPTY.

  9. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • CONNECTIONS TO FIXTURE BRANCHES & BUILDING DRAINS: • CHANGES IN DIRECTION MUST BE MADE WITH EASY BENDS RATHER THAN RIGHT ANGLE FITTINGS.

  10. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • PIPE CHASES: • AVOID EXTERIOR WALL LOCATIONS IN COLD CLIMATES.

  11. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL PIPE CHASES: SMALL SCALE (RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS) REQUIRE A 6” WALL CAVITY.

  12. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • PIPE CHASES: • FOR LARGER TOILET ROOMS 16” MINIMUM CHASE DIMENSION IS REQUIRED FOR APPLICATIONS WITH FIXTURES ON BOTH SIDES OF THE CHASE. • IF FIXTURES ARE ON ONLY ONE SIDE, 12” MINIMUM IS REQUIRED. PIPE CHASES

  13. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • BUILDING DRAIN: • THE SECTION OF THE HORIZONTAL DRAIN PIPE CONNECTING THE DRAINAGE PIPES INSIDE THE BUILDING WITH BUILDING SEWER OUTSIDE. • ALSO CALL THE HOUSE DRAIN.

  14. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • BUILDING TRAP: • A TRAP IN THE BUILDING DRAIN TO PREVENT AIR CIRCULATION BETWEEN THE BUILDING DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND THE BUILDING SEWER. • SOME CODES TO NOT REQUIRE A BUILDING TRAP- IT IS FELT THAT THIS TRAP WILL IMPEDE THE FLOW OF WASTES. • WHEN A BUILDING TRAP IS REQUIRED A FRESH AIR INLET MAY BE REQUIRED TO PREVENT SIPHONING.

  15. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL BUILDING TRAP

  16. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING MUNICIPAL SEWERS PRIVATE DISPOSAL • PLASTIC DRAIN PIPING: • LESS EXPENSIVE THAN OTHER TYPES OF DRAINAGE PIPING. • LESS LABOR INTENSIVE. • PVC & ABS ARE SUITABLE FOR DWV (DRAINAGE, WASTE & VENTING) SYSTEMS. PLASTIC DRAIN PIPING

  17. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL COPPER DRAIN PIPING

  18. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL CAST IRON DRAIN PIPING

  19. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL CAST IRON: REQUIRED FOR THE BUILDING SEWER.

  20. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • CONNECTION: • HUB & SPIGOT FITTING: • THE END OF ONE PIPE IS SLIPPED INTO AN ENLARGE HUB OF ANOTHER PIPE AND THE JOINT IS SEALED WITH A GASKET. • HUBLESS JOINT: • USES A GASKET HELD IN PLACE WITH A STAINLESS STEEL RETAINING CLAP. CAST IRON DRAIN PIPING

  21. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • FLOOR DRAINS: • CARRY AWAY WATER FROM FLOOR WASHING & MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT. • REQUIRED AT PRESSURE RELEASE VALVES. • REQUIRED WHERE AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS ARE USED. • MANY BUILDING DEPARTMENTS & PLUMBING CODES PROHIBIT THE CONNECTION OF FLOOR DRAINS TO THE SEWAGE DRAINAGE SYSTEM. FLOOR DRAINS

  22. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • CLEANOUTS: • Y-SHAPED SECTION OF PIPE WITH A PLUG AT ONE END TO ALLOW THE CLEANING OF PLUGGED LINES. • ACCESS IS REQUIRED. • WORK CLEARANCE SHOULD BE PROVIDED. CLEANOUTS

  23. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • LOCATION: • AT THE BEGINNING OF EACH BRANCH. • NO MORE THAN 50 FEET APART IN BRANCH LINES & BUILDING DRAINS UP TO 4 INCHES IN DIAMETER. • NO MORE THAN 100 FEET IF LARGER THAN 4 INCHES. • AT CORNERS. • AT THE BASE OF A STACK. CLEANOUTS

  24. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • INTERCEPTORS: • USED IN PLACE OF A TRAP WHERE DISCHARGE WASTE CONTAINS MATERIALS THAT CAN CLOG DRAINAGE LINES OR CAUSE PROBLEMS IN SEWAGE TREATMENT. • REQUIRED WHEN GREASE, EXCESSIVE HAIR OR INDUSTRIAL WASTES ARE PRESENT. CLEANOUTS

  25. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • VENTS • FRESH-AIR INLET • FIXTURE BRANCHES • STACKS • BUILDING DRAIN • BUILDING TRAP • PIPES • ACCESSORIES • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • SEWAGE EJECTORS: • USED WHEN THE ELEVATION OF THE SEWER CONNECTION IS HIGHER THAN THE LOWEST FIXTURE. • ONLY USED AS A LAST RESORT. • POWER OUTAGES OR EQUIPMENT FAILURES CAN RENDER DRAINS INOPERATIVE. SEWAGE EJECTORS

  26. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • ON THE SAME WALL • BACK-TO-BACK • ALIGN CHASES • WET COLUMNS • ADA REQUIREMENT • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL FIXTURES SHOULD BE PLACED ON THE SAME WALL

  27. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • ON THE SAME WALL • BACK-TO-BACK • ALIGN CHASES • WET COLUMNS • ADA REQUIREMENT • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL FIXTURES SHOULD BE PLACED IN BACK-TO-BACK ARRANGEMENT

  28. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • ON THE SAME WALL • BACK-TO-BACK • ALIGN CHASES • WET COLUMNS • ADA REQUIREMENT • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • PLUMBING CHASES SHOULD BE ALIGNED FROM FLOOR TO FLOOR TO MINIMIZE PIPING. ALIGN CHASES

  29. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • ON THE SAME WALL • BACK-TO-BACK • ALIGN CHASES • WET COLUMNS • ADA REQUIREMENT • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL WET COLUMNS

  30. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • ON THE SAME WALL • BACK-TO-BACK • ALIGN CHASES • WET COLUMNS • ADA REQUIREMENT • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL ADA REQUIREMENTS

  31. WASTE WATER INTRODUCTION COMPONENTS INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING MUNICIPAL SEWERS PRIVATE DISPOSAL MUNICIPAL SEWERS

  32. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • CESSPOOLS • SEPTIC TANKS • LEACHING FIELDS • PERCOLATION TESTS • SEEPAGE PITS • A CAVITY SUNK INTO THE EARTH TO RECEIVE & RETAIN THE DRAINAGE & SEWAGE FROM SINKS, TOILETS, ETC. • NO LONGER ALLOWED BY MOST MUNICIPALITIES & PLUMBING CODES. CESSPOOLS

  33. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • CESSPOOLS • SEPTIC TANKS • LEACHING FIELDS • PERCOLATION TESTS • SEEPAGE PITS • DESCRIPTION: • BUILDING DRAIN CONNECTS TO THE SEPTIC TANK WHICH IS BURIED IN THE GROUND. • WASTE & SOIL FLOW BY GRAVITY INTO THE TANK. • TANK IS WATER TIGHT & CONSTRUCTED OF CONCRETE OR CONCRETE BLOCK. SEPTIC TANK & LEACHING FIELD

  34. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • CESSPOOLS • SEPTIC TANKS • LEACHING FIELDS • PERCOLATION TESTS • SEEPAGE PITS • SEPTIC TANK: • INFLOW IS OPPOSITE & SLIGHTLY HIGHER THAN OUT FLOW (BOTH ARE NEAR THE TOP). • BAFFLES PREVENT SEWAGE FROM PASSING DIRECTLY TO THE OUTFLOW (HELD FOR 16 HOURS). • ANAEROBIC BACTERIA DISSOLVE MOST OF THE SOLID MATERIAL, THE REMAINING SOLID WASTE SINKS TO THE BOTTOM. SEPTIC TANK

  35. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • CESSPOOLS • SEPTIC TANKS • LEACHING FIELDS • PERCOLATION TESTS • SEEPAGE PITS • LEACHING FIELDS: • THE LIQUID EFFLUENT IS LED BY CLOSED PIPING TO A LEACHING FIELD (ALSO CALL A DRAINAGE FIELD). • THE LEACHING FIELD IS MADE UP OF SHORT, SEPARATED LENGTHS OF PERFORATED PIPE EMBEDDED IN A TRENCH OF LOOSE, COARSE GRAVEL CLOSE TO THE GROUND SURFACE. LEACHING FIELD

  36. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • CESSPOOLS • SEPTIC TANKS • LEACHING FIELDS • PERCOLATION TESTS • SEEPAGE PITS • THE LIQUID EFFLUENT IS DECOMPOSED BY AEROBIC BACTERIA & RENDERED HARMLESS. LEACHING FIELD

  37. WASTE WATER • LOCATION: • LOCATED BELOW THE BUILDING WITH A ¼ INCH PER FOOT SLOPE. • CLEAR, GRASSY SURFACE – TREE ROOTS CLOG THE FIELD. • MUST BE LOCATED AT LEAST 100’ FROM A WELL & 10’ FROM THE BUILDING. • SOIL MUST BE REASONABLY PERMEABLE. • CLAY SOIL REQUIRES THAT THE FIELD BE LAID OVER A SAND FILTER BED. • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • CESSPOOLS • SEPTIC TANKS • LEACHING FIELDS • PERCOLATION TESTS • SEEPAGE PITS LEACHING FIELD

  38. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • CESSPOOLS • SEPTIC TANKS • LEACHING FIELDS • PERCOLATION TESTS • SEEPAGE PITS • PERCOLATION TESTS: • THE SIZE & LENGTH OF THE FIELD IS BASED ON THE ABILITY OF THE SOIL TO ABSORB THE EFFLUENT, WHICH IS DETERMINED BY A PERCOLATION TEST. • MEASURES THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES WATER IN A TEST HOLE TO DROP 1 INCH. PERCOLATION TEST

  39. WASTE WATER • INTRODUCTION • COMPONENTS • INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING • MUNICIPAL SEWERS • PRIVATE DISPOSAL • CESSPOOLS • SEPTIC TANKS • LEACHING FIELDS • PERCOLATION TESTS • SEEPAGE PITS • USED IN LIEU OF LEACHING FIELDS WHERE THE SOIL IS VERY POROUS. • PIT MUST BE AT LEAST TWO FEET ABOVE THE WATER TABLE. SEEPAGE PITS

  40. STORM DRAINAGE • INTRODUCTION • DESCRIPTION • PURPOSE • AREAS TO BE DRAINED • ROOF DRAINAGE • SITE DRAINAGE • STORM WATER DISPOSAL DESCRIPTION: REMOVAL OF RAINWATER FROM BUILDINGS & SURROUNDINGS.

  41. STORM DRAINAGE • INTRODUCTION • DESCRIPTION • PURPOSE • AREAS TO BE DRAINED • ROOF DRAINAGE • SITE DRAINAGE • STORM WATER DISPOSAL • AS PRECIPITATION COLLECTS ON ROOFTOPS, IT MUST BE DIVERTED SO THAT IT WILL NOT: • RUN DOWN THE WALLS & CAUSE LEAKS AT WINDOWS OR OTHER PENETRATIONS IN THE WALL MEMBRANE. • DRIP ON PEOPLE AT ENTRANCES. • CAUSE THE BUILDING TO SETTLE BY WASHING SOIL AWAY FROM FOUNDATIONS. • SUBJECT BASEMENT WALLS TO HYDRO-STATIC PRESSURE. JOHN RUSSELL POPE, STUART DUNCAN RESIDENCE, NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND, 1912

  42. STORM DRAINAGE • INTRODUCTION • DESCRIPTION • PURPOSE • AREAS TO BE DRAINED • ROOF DRAINAGE • SITE DRAINAGE • STORM WATER DISPOSAL • AREAS TO BE DRAINED: • ROOFS • PAVEMENT • BALCONIES • TERRACES LE CORBUSIER, CHAPEL OF NOTRE DAME DU HAUT, RONCHAMP, FR, 1956

  43. STORM DRAINAGE • INTRODUCTION • DESCRIPTION • PURPOSE • AREAS TO BE DRAINED • ROOF DRAINAGE • SITE DRAINAGE • STORM WATER DISPOSAL • AREAS TO BE DRAINED: PAVEMENT

  44. STORM DRAINAGE • INTRODUCTION • DESCRIPTION • PURPOSE • AREAS TO BE DRAINED • ROOF DRAINAGE • SITE DRAINAGE • STORM WATER DISPOSAL • AREAS TO BE DRAINED: • BALCONIES

  45. STORM DRAINAGE • INTRODUCTION • DESCRIPTION • PURPOSE • AREAS TO BE DRAINED • ROOF DRAINAGE • SITE DRAINAGE • STORM WATER DISPOSAL • AREAS TO BE DRAINED: • TERRACES FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT, MEYER MAY HOUSE, GRAND RAPIDS, MI, 1909

  46. STORM DRAINAGE • INTRODUCTION • ROOF DRAINAGE • PITCHED ROOFS • FLAT ROOFS • SITE DRAINAGE • STORM WATER DISPOSAL • GUTTERS: • WATER FLOWS DOWN TO GUTTERS ALONG THE LOWER EDGES OF THE ROOF. DOWNSPOUTS: • CHANNELS THE WATER EITHER TO THE GROUND FOR SURFACE RUN-OFF OR INTO AN UNDERGROUND STORM SEWER.

  47. STORM DRAINAGE • INTRODUCTION • ROOF DRAINAGE • PITCHED ROOFS • FLAT ROOFS • SITE DRAINAGE • STORM WATER DISPOSAL • GUTTER SYSTEMS: • EXPOSED GUTTERS. • INTEGRAL GUTTERS. • GUTTER LESS ROOFS. EXPOSED GUTTER SYSTEM

  48. STORM DRAINAGE • INTRODUCTION • ROOF DRAINAGE • PITCHED ROOFS • FLAT ROOFS • SITE DRAINAGE • STORM WATER DISPOSAL • GUTTER SYSTEMS: • EXPOSED GUTTERS. • INTEGRAL GUTTERS. • GUTTER LESS ROOFS. INTEGRAL GUTTER SYSTEM

  49. STORM DRAINAGE • INTRODUCTION • ROOF DRAINAGE • PITCHED ROOFS • FLAT ROOFS • SITE DRAINAGE • STORM WATER DISPOSAL • GUTTER SYSTEMS: • EXPOSED GUTTERS. • INTEGRAL GUTTERS. • GUTTER LESS ROOFS. GUTTER LESS SYSTEM

  50. STORM DRAINAGE • INTRODUCTION • ROOF DRAINAGE • PITCHED ROOFS • FLAT ROOFS • SITE DRAINAGE • STORM WATER DISPOSAL GUTTER LESS SYSTEM

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